Little is known about what factors predict the formation of reciprocal same‐sex friendships during early adolescence. To examine whether social‐emotional competencies aid in establishing and maintaining these friendships at the beginning and end of seventh grade, 380 German youth (mean age = 12.6 years; 49 percent boys; 100 percent White) reported on their peer support networks and on three broad categories of social‐emotional competencies (i.e., non‐constructive anger regulation, constructive anger regulation, emotional awareness, and expression disclosure). Regression analyses indicated the number of reciprocal friendships at Time 2 (T2) was predicted by adolescents' constructive anger regulation through redirection of attention, and social support when angry at the friend, even after controlling for Time 1 number of friends and peer acceptance. Among girls, willingness to self‐disclose marginally predicted their number of reciprocal friends at T2. Results are discussed in terms of the specific social‐emotional competencies that facilitate involvement in reciprocal friendships.
Zusammenfassung: Die Peer-und Freundschaftsbeziehungen von Jugendlichen werden als Quellen sozialer Unterstützung und als Entwicklungskontext für die Ausbildung von sozialen und emotionalen Kompetenzen betrachtet. Im Land Brandenburg wurden 380 Schüler/innen aus 21 Schulklassen aus 7 Ganztags-und Halbtagsschulen mit einem Fragebogen am Anfang und am Ende des siebten Schuljahres untersucht. Erhebung und Analyse von sozialen Kompetenzen erfolgte auf der Grundlage des Modells von Rose-Krasnor und Denham (2009). Während die emotionalen Kompetenzen im Selbstbericht der Jugendlichen erfasst wurden, wurden die sozialen Kompetenzen durch Fremdberichte von Mitschüler/innen und Lehrkräften abgesichert. Während sich die prosoziale Orientierung und die Fähigkeit, soziale Probleme konstruktiv zu lösen, im Verlauf des siebten Schuljahres nicht signifikant veränderten, traten die starken Zeiteffekte bei der sozialen Bewusstheit, der Selbstbewusstheit und der Selbstregulation auf. Ganztagsschüler/innen zeichneten sich durch ein Anwachsen ihrer emotionalen Fremdaufmerksamkeit aus, während diese bei den Halbtagsschüler/innen leicht abfiel. Zugleich ging bei den Jungen aus Ganztagsschulen das körperlich aggressive Verhalten etwas zurück, während es bei ihren Geschlechtsgenossen in den Halbtagsschulen leicht anstieg. Jungen aus Halbtagsschulen waren ebenfalls die einzigen, deren emotionale Selbstaufmerksamkeit über das 7. Schuljahr nicht wesentlich anstieg. Diese Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund vergleichbarer Befunde diskutiert, auch unter dem Aspekt der veränderten Anforderungen einer zunehmend globalisierten Welt, in die die Jugendlichen hinein wachsen.Abstract: Adolescent relationships to peers and friends are regarded as sources of social support and as a context for the development of social and emotional competencies. In the German land Brandenburg a sample of 380 students from 21 classrooms in 7 schools were questioned by questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of grade 7. The schools were organized in a way that students spent either half the day or the whole day in school. Data collection and analysis were based on the social competence model of Rose-Krasnor und Denham (2009). While the emotional competencies were assessed through adolescents' self reports, social competencies were corroborated by classmates' and teachers' reports. While the prosocial orientation and the ability to solve social problems constructively did not change much during seventh grade, significant time effects were noticed in regard to adolescents' social awareness, their self awareness and their self regulation. Students from all-day schools showed a significant increase in their attention to other peoples' feelings, while this ability declined somewhat among students from half-day schools. In addition, physically aggressive behavior decreased among boys form all-day schools (and increased somewhat among boys from half-day schools). Boys from half-day schools were also the only group whose attention to their own feelings did not increas...
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