Objective To know the levels of Burnout Syndrome and perception of grief support in nursing teams of oncology and pediatric intensive care in public hospitals in Chile. Method A study of descriptive cross-sectional design. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Grief Support Health Care Scale were applied to university-level and technical nursing professionals between March and November 2015. An analysis to compare the means was performed with use of the Student's t-test, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results The study included 153 professionals. Results show 4% of professionals have Burnout Syndrome (BS) and 89% are at risk of having it. Oncology professionals are at higher risk as they present higher levels of emotional exhaustion and lower levels of personal fulfillment. Half of professionals have a high level of perception of grief support, which is greater in the oncology team. Conclusion Professionals working in pediatric oncology units are at increased risk of Burnout Syndrome and grief support may be a mediating factor in this process.
ResumenLa muerte de un niño atendido por profesionales puede ser concebida por ellos como una pérdida, convirtiéndose en ocasiones en una experiencia traumática. El soporte social se transforma en un importante mediador del proceso de duelo, ayudando a aliviar el estrés y afrontarlo de mejor manera. Objetivo: Traducción y validación al español del Grief Support in Health Care Scale (GSHCS). Método: Tras la traducción y validación de la equivalencia transcultural del GSHCS en su versión al español: Escala de Apoyo en Duelo en Atención de Salud (EADAS), se procedió a la auto aplicación del instrumento en 215 profesionales que trabajan en unidades de oncología y de cuidados críticos pediátricos. Con los datos se realizó un análisis de consistencia interna, Alfa de Cronbach, intervalos de confianza de Bootstrap y análisis exploratorio para testear las propiedades psicométricas de la escala dividida en tres dimensiones: reconocimiento de la relación, reconocimiento de la pérdida e incorporación de los rituales, realizándose una comparación de medias mediante la prueba de t para muestras independientes. Resultados: El EADAS obtuvo una validación y confiabilidad con un Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0,81. Al analizar las variables, se encontró que losAbstract The death of a child, who is attended by professionals, can be conceived by them as a loss, sometimes resulting in a traumatic experience. Social support becomes an important mediator of the grieving process, helping to relieve the stress and to cope better. Objective: Translation and validation into Spanish of «Grief Support in Health Care Scale (GS-HCS)». Method: Through the translation and validation of cross-cultural equivalence of GS-HCS in its Spanish version: «Apoyo en Duelo en Atención de Salud (EADAS)», we proceeded to auto-apply this instrument to 215 professionals working in oncology units and critical pediatric care. With this data there was an internal analysis of the tendencies usingCronbach's Alpha, Bootstrap Confidence Intervals and an exploratory analysis was performed to test the psychometric properties of the scale divided into three dimensions; recognition of the relationship, recognition of the loss and incorporation of belief rituals, performing a comparison of means using the t test for independent samples. Results: The «Grief Support in Health Care Scale» (GSHCS) obtained a validation and reliability with a coefficient Cronbach's Alpha score of 0.81. By analyzing the variables, it was found that oncology unit Proyecto financiado por el Fondo PUENTE de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. N° 9/2014. La organización que promocionó el financiamiento no tuvo influencia en el diseño del estudio; en la relación, análisis o interpretación de los datos; en la preparación, revisión o aprobación del manuscrito.
Objective: To reveal the perception of grief support of professionals in pediatric oncology units, after the death of the patients. Method: Qualitative phenomenological study. 22 in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from 5 pediatric oncology units of public hospitals in Santiago. Once the narratives were transcribed, the comprehensive analysis and subsequent triangulation of the data was performed, achieving saturation. Results: Professionals perceive themselves supported in their grief by being able to experience the losses in a protected environment and feeling supported by their surroundings. They recognized the existence of external and internal factors that facilitated the process of grief. However, this support is perceived as insufficient, as there is a lack of formal support from the institution, as well as a protected grief period, or support from mental health professionals to the teams. All death experiences allow professionals to transcend their pain based on lifelong learning and to give meaning to their work. Conclusion: Grief support felt by the professionals is generated from their own initiatives of re-encounter within the teams, which is insufficient. Therefore, training in coping with death is necessary from undergraduate level, which would allow greater cohesiveness in coping and greater self-care within the teams.
Objetivo: Develar la experiencia vivida por cuidadores informales durante el cuidado de su familiar en fase avanzada de cáncer en el hogar que los llevó a hospitalizarlos en una clínica de cuidados paliativos. Metodología: La investigación fue realizada con metodología cualitativa fenomenológica basada en Husserl en el paradigma constructivista, se recogieron los testimonios de diez participantes que vivieron la experiencia de hospitalizar a su familiar adulto en una clínica de cuidados paliativos en Santiago de Chile tipo hospice durante el año 2017, posteriormente de haberlos cuidado en el hogar. La información se obtuvo a través de entrevistas en profundidad audiograbadas, trascritas literalmente, protegiendo la confidencialidad. Se realizó análisis de discurso basado en Helen Streubert. Se contó con autorización de institución y comité de ética correspondiente. Resultados: En el estudio se develó las siguientes unidades de significado; los participantes tras asumir la responsabilidad de cuidar a su familiar en el hogar comenzaron a vivenciar agotamiento. Esto desencadenó una crisis en el cuidado, que los llevó a tomar la decisión de hospitalizarlos. Una vez hospitalizados en la clínica, los cuidadores se sintieron apoyados por los profesionales, esto permitió resignificar la experiencia, al sentir que volvían a cuidar nuevamente a su familiar. Conclusiones: Se develó que el cuidado domiciliario requiere de un acompañamiento continuo, con atención las 24 horas del día por parte del equipo de Cuidados Paliativos, para reducir el estrés de la progresión de la enfermedad y fomentar la tranquilidad de los familiares y cuidadores.
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