The residue from anaerobic digestion of paper mill biological sludge has the potency to be used as organic fertilizer. Physically, organic fertilizer in pellet form has smaller volume and easily stored and transported. The aim of this study is to obtain the appropriate adhesive to make fertilizer pellets from the residue from anaerobic digestion of paper mill biological sludge. The experiment were performed with two variable treatments which are the types of adhesive (sago flour, cassava starch, molasses) and the adhesive doses (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) with respectively 3 replications. The physical properties of resulting pellets were tested including yield, density, water holding capacity, and durability. The effect of pellets on plant germination and growth was also done using tomato seed. The results explained that generally, the pellets meet minimum requirements of organic fertilizers and soil conditioner according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7847:2012) unless Zn as micro nutrient and Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture Number 70/2011 unless water content. The pelletization of organic fertilizer to the size of 3-5 mm can be done by adding the best adhesive material, namely cassava starch 1% with the physical properties of the pellets including a yield of 99.56%, density of 1.84 g/mL, water holding capacity of 65.53%, and durability of 99.65-99.84%, but organic fertilizer pellets (with sago flour as adhesive) at a dose of 0.5 g/50 g media is the best for tomato germination and growth.Keywords: anaerobic digestion residue, organic fertilizer pellet, molasses, cassava starch, sago flourABSTRAKResidu proses digestasi anaerobik lumpur biologi industri kertas berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk organik. Secara fisik, pupuk organik dalam bentuk pelet lebih kecil volumenya dan lebih mudah disimpan dan diangkut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh bahan perekat yang sesuai untuk membuat pelet pupuk organik dari residu proses digestasi anaerobik lumpur biologi industri kertas. Percobaan dilakukan dengan 2 variabel perlakuan, yaitu jenis perekat (tepung sagu, tepung kanji, molase) dan dosis perekat (0,5%; 1,0%; dan 1,5%) dengan masing-masing 3 replikasi. Pelet yang dihasilkan diuji sifat fisiknya meliputi yield, densitas, water holding capacity dan durabilitas. Percobaan pengaruh pelet berperekat terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan biji tanaman tomat juga dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa secara umum, pelet memenuhi persyaratan minimal pupuk organik dan pembenah tanah sesuai SNI 7847:2012 kecuali Zn sebagai unsur hara mikro dan PERMENTAN No. 70 tahun 2011 kecuali kadar air. Pembuatan pelet pupuk organik dengan ukuran 3–5 mm dapat dilakukan dengan menambahkan bahan perekat terbaik, yaitu tepung kanji 1% dengan sifat fisik : yield 99,56%, densitas 1,84 g/mL, water holding capacity 65,53% dan durabilitas 99,65-99,84%, namun penggunaan pelet pupuk organik (berperekat tepung sagu) 0,5 g/50 g media untuk perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan biji tanaman tomat merupakan yang terbaik.Kata kunci: residu digestasi anaerobik, pelet pupuk organik, molase, tepung kanji, tepung sagu
A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas
The research of two-stage anaerobic digestion process for biological wastewater sludge of paper industry with modification of enzyme application and temperature treatment (mesophilic-thermophilic) ABSTRAKPenelitian digestasi anaerobik dua-tahap lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas dengan modifikasi aplikasi enzim dan perlakuan suhu (mesofilik-termofilik) telah dilakukan pada tahap asidifikasi. Percobaan yang dilakukan secara batch ditentukan efektivitasnya melalui perlakuan waktu retensi (2-12 hari) dan jumlah inokulum (150-450 mL/L.) dengan pengamatan kinerja proses terhadap peningkatan kadar protein larut, dan pembentukan asam-asam organik volatile (VFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi protease pada penambahan 0,25 unit/g.TS lumpur, pada suhu termofilik dapat meningkatkan hidrolisis, yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan kadar protein larut mencapai 380%, sedangkan dalam proses asidifikasi dapat meningkatkan pembentukan asam organik melalui peningkatan kadar VFA. Kinerja proses asidifikasi yang terbaik dijumpai pada kondisi suhu termofilik, dengan perlakuan waktu retensi 4 hari dan penambahan inokulum mikroba 300 mL/L. Digestasi lumpur tahap asidifikasi pada kondisi tersebut yang berlangsung pada beban 2,25 g.VS lumpur/g.VS mikroba. hari; dapat menghasilkan peningkatan kadar VFA sekitar 624%. Padatan yang dihasilkan sebanyak 40% v/v mengandung komponen organik dan unsur-unsur nutrisi yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk organik.
Research of fed batch saccharification using paper mill primary sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) has been conducted. The research was conducted in several stages i.e. sludge characterization, determining optimum dosage of cellulase and glucosidase through batch saccharification, and continued with fed batch saccharification. The characterization was performed on 3 primary sludge type from 3 paper mill, which are print paper mill with virgin pulp raw material, paper tissue mill with virgin pulp raw material and core board mill with waste paper raw material. The characterization results showed that the sludge derived from the tissue paper mill with virgin pulp raw material has the highest content of cellulose which is 47.06%, this sludge was used as further research material. The initial trial of batch saccharification at 6% w/w and temperature of 60oC gave optimum dosage of cellulase 9 FPU/g cellulose and β-glucosidase 80 IU/g cellulose with reducing sugar 20.01 g/L and a saccharification efficiency of 63.84%. Fed batch saccharification was performed on tissue paper mill sludge at cellulase and glucosidase enzyme doses respectively 9 FPU/g cellulose and 80 IU/g, temperature 60°C and initial pH of 4 with two variables, which are cumulative solid content (10%, 14%, and 18% w/v) and feed enzyme system (at the beginning and in step). The best results were obtained at fed batch sakarifikasi with gradual enzyme feeding at 14% solids content resulting in reducing sugar 43.899 g/L and efficiency 60.03%.
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