Background: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force updated hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening 2020 guidelines to target adults aged 18 to 79 years: a major shift from the prior focus on high-risk populations ("baby boomers" aged ≥55 years as of 2019). To inform efforts to maximize HCV screening coverage, our objective was to identify demographic groups reporting a lack of HCV awareness, particularly by race/ethnicity and age, and sources of health information.
Methods:We used nationally representative data of adults (≥18 years) included in the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey (n = 5438). Awareness of HCV was defined using the following question: "Have you ever heard of the hepatitis C virus (also known as Hep C or HCV)?" We estimated frequencies by demographic groups and computed risk differences (RDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare lack of HCV awareness by age (<55 and ≥55 years) and race/ethnicity.Results: Overall, 17% of adults never heard of HCV. Younger adults (<55 years; 21%) were more likely to have never heard of HCV compared with older adults (≥55 years; 12%; χ 2 P < 0.001). This observation was consistent across most demographic characteristics including, racial/ ethnic categories, and residing in the Southern United States. More than one-third of adults with low English fluency had a lack of HCV awareness in both age groups (χ 2 P = 0.537). Non-Hispanic (NH) Asian (RD, 25%; 95% CI, 6.9%-43.3%) and Hispanic (RD, 10%; 95% CI, 0.01%-19.6%) adults younger than 55 years were significantly more likely to have never heard of HCV compared with their NH White counterparts after adjustment for sex, educational level, household income, English fluency, and having a regular provider. Adults younger than 55 years with a lack of HCV awareness commonly obtained their health information from the Internet across most sociodemographic characteristics.Conclusions: Hispanic and NH Asian young adults should be targeted for public health messaging regarding HCV screening, potentially through social media campaigns.
153 Background: CLL is an indolent lymphoma effecting aging populations. Early stage patients are assigned to active surveillance and only 10% of patients require treatment at diagnosis. Active surveillance for CLL may increase susceptibility to anxiety and depression, resulting in enhanced comorbidities and reduced quality of life. However, little is known about the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression in CLL. Methods: 125 CLL patients that were treatment naïve (n = 86) or previously chemotherapy-treated (n = 39) completed anxiety and depression questionnaires (State Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D)). Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations with STAI/CES-D score. Logistic regression was used to examine clinically meaningful anxiety and depression, using validated cut points of 40 for the STAI and 16 (or on antidepressants) for the CES-D. All models included treatment status (treatment naïve vs. treated), age, gender, ECOG grade, time since diagnosis, education, & disease stage. Results: Patients had a median age of 65, were mostly male (60.8%), Caucasian (96%), well educated (55% ≥ college), and had low stage CLL (66% stage 0) and good performance status (67% ECOG 0). 20 and 24% of patients had clinically meaningful anxiety or depression (11% had both). Treatment and time since diagnosis were not associated with anxiety or depression. Older age was associated with better STAI and CES-D scores (STAI β = -0.34 (95%CI -0.52, -0.17) CES-D β = -0.27 (95%CI -0.42, -0.12)), and each 1 year increase in age was associated with a 9% decrease in odds of anxiety and a 7% decrease in odds of depression (OR 0.91(95%CI 0.86, 0.96) OR 0.93 (95%CI 0.88, 0.98) respectively). An ECOG grade of 3 or 4 was a significant predictor of increased depression risk (OR 2.84 (95%CI 1.03, 7.82)) and worse CES-D scores (β = 4.69 (95%CI 8.09, 1.29)) but not of anxiety. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression are common among CLL patients. Poor performance status was associated with more depression while older age was associated with less anxiety and depression. Future studies should investigate potential interventions for anxiety and depression in younger CLL patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.