Bahan bakar merupakan kebutuhan pokok bagi manusia, Namun ketersedian bahan bakar fosil semakin lama semakin berkurang. Biogas merupakan solusi alternatif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia akan bahan bakar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Effektive Mikroorganisme 4 (EM-4)  terhadap kualitas biogas yang dihasilkan dari limbah industri makan. Proses pembuatan biogas dilakukan secara batch di dalam digester anaerobic berukuran 2,5 Liter pada suhu ruangan. Dua liter campuran yang terdiri dari limbah, air dan  Effektive Mikroorganisme 4 (EM-4)  dimasukkan ke dalam digester anaerobic, dimana pH, COD, dan volume gas diamati setiap hari secara periodik. Pada penelitian ini Nilai pH yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 6 - 7,2. Nilai COD menurun dengan meningkatnya penambahan EM-4. Volume biogas yang dihasilkan semakin besar dengan meningkatnya penambahan EM-4.  Volume biogas Terbesar yang dihasilkan sebesar 9,7 L dengan konsentrasi gas metana ( 84,376 %), karbon dioksida (11,679 %), nitrogen (3,945%).     Keywords : Methane, Biogas, Digester, Anaerobic, EM-4.

Traditional medicine such as saffron-colored rice is still in great demand in Indonesia. If the production process is not carried out in accordance with the method of making and processing herbal medicine, it can cause microbial contamination. The preparation of herbal medicine must meet the requirements for the Total Plate Number (ALT). The aimof this study was to determine the amount of microbial contamination in the liquid herbal rice kencur which is produced by the traveling herbal medicine seller. The study used an experimental method using samples of saffron-colored rice (A, B, and C). Microbial testing went through the stages of homogenization, dilution, mixing with the mediumsnd incubation. Homogenization was initiated by adding 25 ml sample with 225 ml 0.1% Buffered Peptoned Water with a stomacher for 2 minutes. Suspension dilution was carried out in order to obtain colonies that grew separately so that they were easy to count. Mixing with the medium is done by pour plate inoculation method. The solid medium used for ALT is Nutrient agar. Based on the results of the study, the ALT results were obtained, sample A  2.2 x 104 colonies/ml, sample B 2.6 x 104 colonies/ml, and sample C 8.0 x 107 colonies/ml. The results are not in accordance with the requirements stated in the Regulation of the Head of the Drug and Food Control Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2014 about Quality Requirements for Traditional Medicines.AbstrakObat tradisional seperti jamu beras kencur masih banyakdiminati di Indonesia. Apabila proses produksinya dilakukantidak sesuai dengan cara pembuatan dan pengolahan jamu dapat menyebabkan terkontaminasi mikroba. Penyediaanjamu harus memenuhi syarat Angka Lempeng Total (ALT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah cemaranmikroba dalam jamu beras kencur sedian cair yang di produksi oleh penjual jamu gendong keliling. Penelitianmenggunakan metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan sampel jamu gendong beras kencur (A, B, dan C). Pengujianmikroba melalui tahap homogenisasi, dilutasi, pencampurandengan medium, inkubasi dan interpretasi hasil.Homogenisasi sampel diawali dengan sebanyak 25 ml sampelditambahkan 225 ml Buffered Peptoned Water 0.1% dan dikocok dengan stomacher selama 2 menit. Dilutasi suspensidilakukan agar memeroleh koloni yang tumbuh secaraterpisah sehingga mudah dihitung. Pencampuran dengan medium dilakukan dengan metode inokulasi pour plate. Medium padat yang digunakan untuk ALT adalah Nutrient agar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapat hasil ALT yaitu, sampel A 2,2 x 104 koloni/ml, sampel B 2,6 x 104 koloni/ml, dan sampel C 8,0 x 107 koloni/ml. Hasilnya tidak sesuaidengan persyaratan yang tertera pada Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia Nomor12 Tahun 2014 tentang Persyaratan Mutu Obat Tradisional.

Terbinafine hydrochloride is a synthetic allylamine drug with a broad spectrum of antifungal properties. The purpose of this study was to identify terbinafine hydrochloride in whitening cosmetic products using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The first stage starts with dissolving cosmetic samples (A, B, C) and blanks, diluted with 25 ml of methanol. Then the solution was vortexed for 2 and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4000 rpm. The supernatant layer formed was filtered through a 0.45 m membrane filter. Then the filtrate obtained was tested by the HPLC method. Based on the results of the system suitability test of the sample and blank, the concentration was 16𝜇𝑔/ml, the average retention time was 8.934 minutes and the average area was 2163340. The standard deviation of the relative retention time was 0.3098% and the area was 0.0721%. The follow-up factor and theoretical plate obtained automatically from the HPLC tool obtained an average follow-up factor value of 0.9515 and an average theoretical plate value of 217.7531. The results of the HPLC system suitability test and the terbinafine hydrochloride blank were identical, but the retention time was different, obtained from each different sample. All cosmetic samples contained Terbinafine hydrochloride as they did not meet the requirements. Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2021.

Indonesia has various sources of graphite in large quantities. One of them is palm oil waste. Palm oil is a horticultural crop that acts as the largest non-oil and gas foreign exchange contributor in Indonesia. This study aims to synthesize graphite from oil palm trunks with a catalyst through the pyrolysis method. This is an experimental research which eventually generated qualitative data to be analyzed. Oil palm trunks are dried in the sun, then crushed into powder with a grinder and sieved to 200 mesh. Graphite was synthesized using a carbonization step at 500°C. Impregnation using 3M ferric chloride (FeCl3), with a concentration variation of 10% and 30%. Further activation at a temperature of 900°C for 3 hours. The results synthesis of graphite powder were washed with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and distilled water repeatedly to obtain relatively pure graphite. Graphite characterization includes Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of FTIR analysis showed that graphite contains functional groups O–H, C–H, C–O, C?C, and C=C.

Abstrak Selulosa merupakan salah satu polimer  biodegradabilitas dan merupakan komponen biomassa  terbanyak di alam, yang dapat digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh mikrokristalin selulosa dengan memanfaatkan limbah kulit sukun yang mengandung lignoselulosa. Proses yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh mikrokristalin selulosa berbasis kulit sukun sesuai persyaratan standar yang meliputi pembuatan serbuk kulit sukun, tahap isolasi α-selulosa, delignifikasi, bleaching  dan hidrolisa. Hasil isolasi dari kulit sukun berupa serbuk mikrokristalin selulosa dikarakterisasi. Adapun karakterisasi mikrokristalin selulosa yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian kadar air, uji organoleptik, penentuan pH, dan bilangan permanganat. Hasil  penelitian menunjukan  bahwa  kadar  air  dari  mikrokristalin selulosa sebesar 4.24%. Kadar air tersebut telah memenuh standar yaitu maksimum 5%. Mikrokristalin selulosa memiliki pH 6.8 yang sesuai dalam rentang pH 5.0-7.5. Hasil uji bilangan permanganat diperoleh kadar lignin mikrokristalin selulosa yaitu 5.13%. Kadar lignin telah memenuhi SNI 0494:2008  yaitu maksimum 6%.