ABSTRAK Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) merupakan hasil grading-up antara kambing Kacang dan kambing Etawah yang telah beradaptasi baik dengan lingkungan tropis lembap Indonesia. Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) merupakan kambing tipe dwiguna penghasil susu dan daging. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi polimorfisme gen fekunditas melalui pengamatan empat gen kandidat untuk prolifikasi, yaitu gen BMP15 (exon 1), BMPR1B (exon 1), KISS1 (exon 1), dan KISS1 (intron 1) dan hubungannya dengan litter size pada kambing PE betina induk. Keragaman gen BMP15 (exon 1), BMPR1B (exon 1), KISS1 (exon 1), dan KISS1 (intron 1) dianalisis dengan teknik PCR-RFLP. Sampel DNA yang digunakan sebanyak 106 ekor kambing PE betina induk di BPTU-HPT Pelaihari di Pelaihari, Kalimantan Selatan (51 ekor) dan di Peternakan Cordero di Bogor, Jawa Barat (55 ekor). Analisis variasi peringkat satu faktor Kruskal-Wallis digunakan untuk menentukan apakah ada pengaruh genotipe gen fekunditas pada litter size. Data keragaman genetik antara kelompok kambing PE betina induk dihitung dengan pendekatan frekuensi alel dan genotipe, serta Polymorphic Informative Content (PIC). Hasil keragaman genetik kambing PE berdasarkan nilai PIC diperoleh di BPTU-HPT Pelaihari sebesar 0,313, sedangkan di Peternakan Cordero adalah 0,144 dengan nilai PIC total sebesar 0,244. Hasil analisis Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan pengaruh genotipe gen BMP15 (exon 1), BMPR1B (exon 1), KISS1 (exon 1), dan KISS1 (intron 1) pada litter size. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokus BMP15 (exon 1) dan KISS1 (exon 1) bersifat monomorfik, tetapi ditemukan dua lokus yang polimorfisme, yaitu lokus BMPR1B (exon 1) yang memiliki dua genotipe dengan frekuensi CC (96,23%), GG (3,77%), dan lokus KISS1 (intron 1) yang memiliki tiga genotipe dengan masing-masing frekuensi TT (80,19%), AT (17,92%), dan AA (1,89%).

Etawah-grade goat is a graded up line between Kacang and Etawah goats, which well adapted to Indonesia's humid tropical climate. In order to fulfill national meat requirement, it is necessary to increase the population by increasing prolificacy. This study was aimed to determine whether the body and head measurements of the Etawah-grade does can be used as selection criteria for indirect selection of the litter size. The use of does at 3-4 years old (I 3 dental condition) from BPTU-HPT Pelaihari and Cordero farms (51 and 55 does, respectively) were based on their specific geographical location characteristics. The body variables were withers height, hip height, body length, chest width, chest depth, thurl width, rump length, chest girth, and cannon circumference, whereas for head variables were acrocranion-prosthion, basion-prosthion, lower jaw length, head height, tuber facial left-right, nasion-rhinion, entorbitale left-right, euryon left-right, supraorbitale left-right. Bergmann methods were applied for measuring the differences of body and head parameters followed by the principal component, Fisher's discriminant, and principal component regression analyzes. All regression coefficients of linear body measurementss were highly correlated to the litter size (P<0.01), with the equation was Y= 0.015X 1b + 0.011X 2b + 0.025X 3b-0.002X 4b + 0.022X 5b + 0.010X 6b + 0.022X 7b + 0.030X 8b + 0.026X 9b. The chest girth was the most elastic body size measurement to the litter size. The increasing of 1 cm of doe's chest girth would result in the increase of litter size, each of 0.0545 and 0.0417 heads born-1 at BPTU-HPT Pelaihari and Cordero farms. Differences in head size and head shape due to the morphometric adaptations cannot be used to predict litter size.

Yogurt can be made from homogenized milk, low-fat milk or skimmed milk with the addition of powdered milk. Starter culture commonly used in yogurt is Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus can not survive in environments with high acidity, so probiotics needed. One of the fruits that can be used in the process of making yogurt is red fruit (Pandanus Conoideus L). The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical and organoleptic properties of probiotic yogurt given the addition of red fruit. The observed physical characteristics consist of pH, viscosity, total acid concentration and water activity (aw) and organoleptic arachnids observed consisting of color, flavour, aroma and consistency. This research was using a complete randomized design (RAL). The results showed that the addition of red fruit has a real effect (P<0.05) on pH, viscosity and total acid titrated and organoleptic test shows the addition of red fruit has a noticeable effect on color, flavour, aroma and viscosity in hedonic quality tests, then in hedonic tests affect aroma and flavour. Based on the results of yogurt testing with the addition of 2.5% this is the closest to control and acceptable to Indonesian National Standards (SNI).

Etawah-grade goat is a graded up line between kacang and etawah goats, which well adapted to Indonesia's humid tropical climate. The good reproductive trait of Etawah-grade does are inherited from kacang goat (prolific goat). This study used six heads of Etawah-grade does at 1-2 years old (I 1 dental condition). IPB University. The body variables were withers height, hip height, body length, chest width, chest depth, thurl width, rump length, chest girth, and cannon circumference, whereas for head variables were acrocranion-prosthion, basion-prosthion, lower jaw length, head height, tuber facial left-right, nasion-rhinion, entorbitale left-right, euryon left-right, supraorbitale left-right. Body score and head score were obtained from Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCR-RFLP technique was used to determine genotypes of fecundity genes BMP15 (exon 1), BMPR1B (exon 1), KISS1 (exon 1) and KISS1 (intron 1) with restriction enzymes AluI (AG|CT), SduI (GDGCH|C), BsrI (ACTGG|) and MwoI (GCCTAAG|TAGC), respectively. Progesterone leves were measured by EIA (enzyme immuno assay). The results showed that the association between crude fat consumption and progesterone profile was found in this study, but it was not related to twin births with certain genotypes of gene fecundity BMP15 (exon 1), BMPR1B (exon 1), KISS1 (exon 1) and KISS1 (intron 1). The progesterone profile during the pregnancy period did not correlate to their body size and head size.