Obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide, including in the Bali Province, Indonesia, a popular tourism destination area. The common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs9939609 and rs1421085 of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been repeatedly reported as one of the important obesity genetic risk factors. We have examined the associations of FTO rs9939609 and rs1421085 SNPs with obesity in the 612 unrelated Balinese subjects living in urban and rural areas. Linear and logistic regression analyses with adjustment for age and gender were employed to investigate the association between FTO genotypes, haplotypes and obesity parameters. We found that the FTO SNPs genotypes increased BMI by 1.25 kg/m2 (p = 0.012) for rs9939609 AA and 1.12 kg/m2 (p = 0.022) for rs1421085 CC, particularly in females and in rural population. Subjects carrying these genotypes also showed a tendency to maintain high BMI, regardless of their age. Our result showed that the FTO rs9939609 and rs1421085 risk alleles were associated with increased BMI and obesity in the Balinese.

Indonesia has many fermented beverages, and yeast become one of the agents in fermented process. Yeasts has a role to transform carbohydrate complex into simple compounds with release secondary metabolism to environment like amylase enzyme. This study aims to get the isolate of yeast that can potentially produce amylase enzyme. This research conducted in October 2018 until March 2019 in Microbiology Laboratory of Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The screening test of potential isolate producing amylase enzyme was performed on yeast isolate from eight source of indigenous fermented beverages that can grow in YMA medium with pH 2. Screening was carried out on YPSA medium with diffusion agar method. From 50 Isolates, 16 isolates with the codes IB4, IB15, IB20, IB21, IB26, IB36, IL78, IL80, IL81, IL86, IL88, IL97, IL113, IL136, IL146, and IL150, were able to form clear zone after 1-day incubation in room temperature. The highest amylolytic index was produced by IL86 (1,019 mm). Forming the clear zone is proof that yeast can transform starch become simpler sugar like maltose as iodine-starch reaction is resulting amylose helix and iodine become I3 − that filled main core helix. In addition to this, iodine forms complexes with starch molecules showed a dark purple colour.

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The use of the coral reef as a source of community livelihood on Tidung Besar Island has negative impacts on the coral reef itself. Students of SMKN 61 Jakarta are a small part of the Tidung Besar community that is involved in coral reef conservation efforts on Tidung Besar Island. Efforts to build social sensitivity can be conducted at schools through co-curricular education activities. Co-curricular activites are activities to add to, supplement or replace intracurricular learning, which is according to the curriculum. This learning is in line with informal education, which has functions as a complement, supplement and substitute. This is in accordance with the Indonesian national education system, nonformal education and family education. Students are required to have social sensitivity to the environment so they will have a sense to maintain and improve coral reef sustainability. Conservation education, which is a nature conservation strategy, is essential for inclusion in school learning. The purpose of this research was to increase social sensitivity about coral reef conservation in students of SMKN 61 Jakarta through coral reef conservation education. This research was conducted on October 20th-21st, 2017 at SMKN 61 Jakarta. The research method was quasi-experimental with a one group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 32 students. Hypothesis testing by t-test demonstrated that coral reef conservation education had an influence on the students' social sensitivity to coral reef conservation.