A measurement of the inclusive WW+WZ diboson production cross section in proton–proton collisions is reported, based on events containing a leptonically decaying W boson and exactly two jets. The data sample, collected at with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb−1. The measured value of the sum of the inclusive WW and WZ cross sections is σ(pp→WW+WZ)=68.9±8.7 (stat.)±9.7 (syst.)±1.5 (lum.) pb, consistent with the standard model prediction of 65.6±2.2 pb. This is the first measurement of WW+WZ production in pp collisions using this signature. No evidence for anomalous triple gauge couplings is found and upper limits are set on their magnitudes.
A modified Zudkevitch and Joffe method of determining parameters of an equation of state (EOS) is described and applied to the Patel and Teja (PT) equation. All the parameters of the PT equation are considered temperature dependent and evaluated from the vapour pressure, liquid molar volume and critical compressibility factor of pure compounds. The attraction term in the PT equation is modified by a temperature dependent parameter for super critical components. Conventional random mixing rules are applied to obtain the EOS parameters for mixtures, with no binary interaction coefficients for hydrocarbon mixtures.
The modified equation was validated against experimental data of gas condensate systems and compared with other leading EOS. A large number of data, including the dew point pressure, condensate drop-out, and the density of gas and condensate phases at equilibrium conditions over a wide phases at equilibrium conditions over a wide temperature range was generated and used in this validation. The proposed method predicted the experimental data, particularly the retrograde condensate volume, more accurately than others. The method can be applied to any equation of state.
Introduction
Cubic equations of state are commonly used in the petroleum industry for volumetric and phase petroleum industry for volumetric and phase behaviour modelling of reservoir fluids. Since the introduction of van der Waals equation in 1873, a numerous number of equations have been published in the literature and promising new equations keep appearing. In general, the performance of these cubic equations is good for a hydrocarbon system which is predominantly oil. However, it deteriorates for phase behaviour modelling of gas condensates particularly in the retrograde region. particularly in the retrograde region. Most of the equations of state developed so far are primarily to predict the physical properties of pure primarily to predict the physical properties of pure compounds. The problem starts when we apply these equations to mixtures using mixing rules to obtain EOS parameters. Empirical parameters called binary interaction (b.i.) coefficients are employed in some mixing rules to count for the interaction between pairs of different molecules. while these b.i. coefficients may improve the performance of an equation for some multicomponent system, there is no guarantee that the same set of b.i. coefficients will be good for other systems. Better results may be obtained without using any b.i. coefficients at some conditions. In our search for an equation of state for better modelling of gas condensates we gave emphasize to find one which does not use any b.i. coefficients for hydrocarbon mixtures.
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Self-affine multiplicity scaling is investigated in the framework of two-dimensional factorial moment methodology using the concept of Hurst exponent (H). Investigation on the experimental data of target fragments emitted in 12C–AgBr and 24Mg–AgBr interactions at 4.5 A GeV revealed that best power law behaviour is exhibited at H = 0.5 for 12C initiated interactions indicating self-affine multiplicity fluctuations. But for 24Mg–AgBr interactions it cannot be unambiguously concluded whether the nature of dynamical fluctuations is self-affine or self-similar. The signal of multifractality is observed for both the interactions.
This paper reports a detailed study on self-affine behavior of multiplicity fluctuation in the pionization process at relativistic and ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. The study was performed over a wide range of energy from 2.1–200 AGeV. The data used are 16 O-AgBr interactions at 2.1 AGeV and 60 AGeV, 32 S-AgBr interactions at 200 AGeV, 24 Mg-AgBr , and 12 C-AgBr interactions at 4.5 AGeV. All these data show a clear evidence of self-affine pion production over the entire energy regime.
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