Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. Flag leaf area (0.643**), productive tillers per plant (0.450**), 1000-grain weight (0.785**) and harvest index (0.920**) showed positive and strong significant association with grain yield per plant at genotypic level whereas plant height (–0.418*) and per cent spikelet sterility (–0.489**) possessed significant negative correlation with grain yield per plant. Flag leaf area (0.157) productive tillers per plant (0.481), 1000-grain weight (0.228), growth duration (0.080) and harvest index (0.544) exhibited direct effect on grain yield. Considering the correlation and path analysis flag leaf area, productive tiller per plant, 1000-grain weight and harvest index are important characters to be considered for yield improvement.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the early and late (6 months after surgery) complications in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Material & methods: A retrospective study was done from January 2015 to December 2019 in the Department of ENT & Head Neck Surgery, Enam Medical College & Hospital. One hundred and sixty three patients with both benign & malignant thyroid disease underwent surgical treatment was selected for this study. Patients were followed up for six months and peroperative & postoperative complications were evaluated. Results: Out of 163 patients 132(80.9%) cases were benign and 31(19.1%) cases were malignant. Total thyroidectomy was done in 71(43.56%) patients and hemithyroidectomy was done in 82(50.3%) patients and 10(6.13%) patients had other thyroid surgery. 29(17.80%) patients develop complications after thyroid surgery. Most common post operative complication was hypoparathyroidism with a incidence of 17(10.43%). 15(9.20%) patients developed temporary hypocalcaemia and 2(1.23%) patients developed permanent hypocalcaemia. Others complications were recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy 2(1.23%), superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) palsy 3(1.84%), wound infection 2(1.23%), haematoma 1(0.61%) and hypertrophied scar 4(2.45%). Conclusion: Hypocalcaemia was the most frequent post-thyroidectomy complication, while voice change, seroma, haematoma, wound infection and hypertrophied scar are additional complications. Surgeons have to pay attention to curtail the complications during thyroid surgery. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 28(1): 50-55

Thirty aromatic rice genotypes were studied to assess the nature and magnitude of genetic divergence among them for grain yield and yield contributing characters. Based on 23 characters the genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters. Inter-distances were higher than intra-cluster showing a wide range of genetic diversity among the genotypes of different groups. The highest level of inter-cluster distance (73.48) was found between cluster IV and V. The highest intra-cluster distance (3.364) was computed to cluster V and the lowest 1.851 was observed in cluster IV. Panicle length, days to initial flower opening, spikelet sterility, pollen fertility and harvest index had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence of 30 aromatic rice genotypes. Genotypes having these characters in the genetically distant cluster could, therefore, offer a significant scope for the development of high yielding variety through judicious selection.