Trait prioritization studies have guided research, development, and investment decisions for public sector crop breeding programs since the 1970s, but the research design, methods and tools underpinning these studies are not well-understood. We used PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) to evaluate research on trait ranking for major crops over the past forty years. Data extraction and descriptive analysis on 331 papers show uneven attention of crops, lack of systematic sex-disaggregation, and regional bias. The lack of standardized trait data taxonomy across studies, inconsistent research design, and data collection practices make cross comparison of findings impossible. In addition, network mapping of authors and donors shows patterns of concentration and presence of silos within research areas. This study contributes to the next generation of innovation in trait preference to produce more inclusive, demand-driven varietal design that moves beyond trait prioritization focused on productivity and yield.