Aim:The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of different irrigation systems comparing irrigation with syringe and needle (Dispo Van), Max-I-Probe needle (Dentsply Maillefer), EndoActivator (Dentsply Maillefer), and EndoVac (Sybron Endo) in removing the smear layer generated at apical third.Materials and Methods:Instrumentation was done in 40 extracted premolars using different irrigation regimes (Group 1, saline and syringe; Group 2, Max-I-Probe needles with NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); Group 3, irrigant activation with EndoActivator using needlesNaOCl and EDTA; and Group 4, irrigation with EndoVac using needles NaOCl and EDTA).Statistical Analysis Used:The percentage of debris was seen with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney test for significance.Results:The mean score ± standard deviation for the conventional group was 2.8 ± 0.42 with median value of 3.00 (2-3). The results for the Max-I-Probe needle group were 2.3 ± 0.48 with median value of 2.00 (2-3) The mean debris score for EndoActivator group were 0.8 ± 0.42 with median value of 1 (0-1). The mean debris score for EndoVac group were 0.4 ± 0.52 with median value of 1 (0-1).Conclusion:EndoVac and EndoActivator performed much better than other available systems in removing the smear layer from apical third. So they should be incorporated as a regular part of the irrigation regime.

The purpose of this article is to emphasize the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for root canal treatment. Two case reports are presented where CBCT has been used to locate and eventually treat extra canals in maxillary first molars. Dental clinicians should be aware of the anatomical variations in maxillary molars. CBCT should be an essential part of the diagnosis prior to initiating root canal treatment.

Restoration is necessary to make teeth that have undergone root canal therapy functioning once again. It is generally agreed upon that the typical objective for repairing teeth is minimally intrusive preparation to preserve the greatest amount of tooth structure. A straightforward, conservative, and aesthetically pleasing replacement for traditional crowns is an Endocrown. It is a single-piece restoration that is typically recommended in circumstances when the crown height has dropped. These restorations prolong the lifetime of the tooth, maintain natural contact, prevent interferences with periodontal tissues because of the supragingival edges, and are self-cleaning. The idea behind this method is to employ adhesive techniques to produce stability and retention by making advantage of the surface area present in the pulp chamber. An all-ceramic Endocrown was employed in the case study as a conservative and attractive substitute for a full coverage crown to treat a severely damaged mandibular molar.

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The judicious post endodontic restoration of the tooth afterwards the accomplishment of endodontic management, is just as bossy for the effective cure of teeth with striking tooth structural disfigurement as, is the eminence of the endodontic rehabilitation. The pivotal objective of the post is to retain the core that ropes/pulleys the absolute prosthesis. When there is diminutive tooth structure left, a post and core also encouragements in augmenting the fracture confrontation after root canal management. The genus of post endodontic restoration must be elected with consideration for the diversity of post schemes obtainable and the clinical scenario. A custom cast post and core are endorsed when a noteworthy aggregate of tooth structure has been removed or if not ample ferrule is accessible. The overhaul of carious anterior tooth is publicized in the case study below, utilising custom cast post and PFM crown.