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Today almost fifty five percent of the world's population lives in cities. It is estimated that by 2050, the population would grow by 2.5 billion with about sixty eight percent of the world's population would be living in cities. Along with this population projection, it has also been estimated that the phenomenon of climate change will increase abundantly in this century and will lead to climate related extreme events. To combat such events in urban areas, their causes and consequences should be understood; to mitigate them and minimize the negative impacts of urbanization.

NOTICE Th is document contains information of a preliminary nature and was prepared primarily for internal use at the Oak Ridge Notional Laboratory . It is subject to tevision or correction and therefore does not represent a final report .

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