Researchers have given attention to lower limb exoskeletons in recent years. Lower limb exoskeletons have been designed, prototype tested through experiments, and even produced. In general, lower limb exoskeletons have two different objectives: (1) rehabilitation and (2) assisting human work activities. Referring to these objectives, researchers have iteratively improved lower limb exoskeleton designs, especially in the location of actuators. Some of these devices use actuators, particularly on hips, ankles or knees of the users. Additionally, other devices employ a combination of actuators on multiple joints. In order to provide information about which actuator location is more suitable; a review study on the design of actuator locations is presented in this paper. The location of actuators is an important factor because it is related to the analysis of the design and the control system. This factor affects the entire lower limb exoskeleton’s performance and functionality. In addition, the disadvantages of several types of lower limb exoskeletons in terms of actuator locations and the challenges of the lower limb exoskeleton in the future are also presented in this paper.

After the new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) case spread rapidly in Wuhan-China in December 2019, WorldHealth Organization (WHO) confirmed that this is a dangerous virus which can be spreading from humans to humans through droplets and airborne. As for the prevention, wearing a face mask is essentials while going outside or meeting to others. However, some irresponsible people refuse to wear face mask with so many excuses. Moreover, developing the face mask detector is very crucial in this case. This paper aims to develop the face mask detector which is able to detect any kinds of face mask. In order to detect the face mask, a YOLO V4 deep learning has been chosen as the mask detection algorithm. The experimental results have been done in real-time application and the device has been installed at Politeknik Negeri Batam. From the experimental results, this device is able to detect the people who wear or do not wear the face mask accurately even if they are moving to various position.

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