Antiseptik adalah suatu zat kimia yang memiliki kerja untuk menghancurkan mikroorganisme ataupun menghambat kerjanya, sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya suatu infeksi. Daun kunyit mengandung senyawa kimia flavonoid yang dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memformulasi dan karakterisasi spray gel hand sanitizer dari ekstrak etil asetat daun kunyit. Gel dibuat dengan basis gel HPMC dan dibuat menjadi F1, F2,dan F3 dengan kandungan ekstrak etil asetat daun kunyit masing-masingnya 6%, 12%, dan 18%. Karakterisasi gel yang dilakukan meliputi pemeriksaan organoleptis, uji viskositas, uji kecepatan mengering, uji pH, dan uji stabilitas. Hasil organoleptis menunjukkan F1, F2, dan F3 bentuk cairan, warna coklat kehitaman, dan bau khas daun kunyit. Hasil uji viskositas diperoleh 750 cps (F1), 900 cps (F2), dan 1000 cps (F3). Hasil uji kecepatan mengering diperoleh 16,47 detik (F1); 14,25 detik (F2); 10,45 detik (F3). Hasil uji pH diperoleh 5,59 (F1); 5,59 (F2); 6,84 (F3). Hasil Uji stabilitas diperoleh F1, F2, dan F3 stabil selama pengujian 6 siklus. Semua formula dapat diformulasi menjadi spray gel hand sanitizer dengan hasil karakterisasi yang memenuhi persyaratan.
Anemia is a state of hemoglobin levels in the RBC (Red Blood Cells) are lower than normal according to age and gender. The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy according Riskesdas 2007,2010, and 2013 tend to increase. One of risk factor isenvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS). This research was study the comparative risk of ETS exposure of anemia in pregnant woman. This study used case control design. Research sample consisted of two groups, case and control sample with the comparative at 1:2. Sample cases were pregnant women anemia (n=18) who control in Puskesmas Mojo Surabaya on 2015 while samplescontrol were pregnant woman who did not anemia (n=36), collected by simple random sampling. to determine the influence of risk by calculating the value on OR 95% CI with Statcalc in Epi Info. The independent variables were age, education level, employement status, family income, gestational age, gestational spacing, history of pregnant double, parity, antenatal care (ANC), LILA, Fe tablets. Results showed the risk exposure to ETS on the incidence of anemia in pregnant woma to the OR = 4.09 (1.07 < OR < 16.26), time of beginning the exposure 1st trimester OR = 5.43 (1.12< OR < 34.41), the number of active smokers 1-2 OR = 5.54 (1.20 < OR < 34.28), exposure duration ≤ 15 minute/day OR = 6.33 (1.28 < OR < 40.53).The conclusion is the exposure to cigarette smoke can causeanemia in pregnant woman. It is recommended for pregnant woman to avoid ETS exposure during pregnancy.Keywords: anemia, pregnant woman, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), number of smoker, exposure duration
Infeksi sebagian besar terjadi akibat kemalasan dalam menjaga kebersihan tangan. Saat ini kegiatan membersihkan tangan lebih praktis menggunakan hand sanitizer. Formulasi dan karakterisasi spray gel hand sanitizer ekstrak etil asetat daun kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val) dengan basis HPMC dengan konsentrasi ekstrak etil asetat daun kunyit masing-masingnya 6% (F1), 12% (F2), dan 18% (F3). Semua formula dapat diformulasi menjadi spray gel hand sanitizer dengan hasil karakterisasi yang memenuhi persyaratan. Tujuan penelitian melihat bagaimana aktivitas antibakteri dari masing-masing formula spray gel hand sanitizer ekstrak etil asetat daun dunyit (Curcuma domestica Val) F1,F2, dan F3 terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dari F1, F2, F3 dan P (sediaan pembanding) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan menggunakan metode sumuran dengan melihat berapa diameter hambat dari masing-masing formula. Dari hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri didapatkan diameter hambat F1= 7,36±2,517 mm; F2= 9,26 ±2,082 mm; F3= 12,53 ±1,528 mm dan P= 9,4 ±1,0 mm. Dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa sediaan spray gel ekstrak etil asetat daun kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val) mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dengan kategori lemah dan F3 (spray gel mengandung ekstrak etil asetat 18%) memberikan daya hambat antibakteri yang paling besar dibandingkan formula yang lainnya (p<0,05).
Anxiety is a normal condition that may be felt by every woman in dealing with labor process, but this condition causes psychiatric problems that inhibit labor process. The aims of this study was to determine relationship between level of anxiety with prolonged stage I on labor mother at Midwife Practice Bengkulu City. The design of this study was cross sectional study. Population in this study were all primigravida mothers with prolonged stage I of who labored at Midwife Practice Bengkulu City with the amount of 30 people. The data analysis technique was performed by the Exact Fisher’s test. The results of this study showed there is a relationship between level of anxiety with prolonged stage I on labor mother primigravida at Midwife Practice Bengkulu City (p = 0.001 <0.05) with a close relationship category. It is expected that primigravida labor mothers will further increase the desire to find out about information so that with good knowledge will reduce the level of anxiety during labor process.
ABSTRAKAnemia didefi nisikan sebagai keadaan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) di dalam darah lebih rendah daripada nilai normal untuk kelompok orang menurut umur dan jenis kelamin. Prevalensi anemia ibu hamil menurut Riskesdas Indonesia tahun 2007, 2010, dan 2013 cenderung meningkat. Salah satu faktor risiko anemia adalah paparan asap rokok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mempelajari perbandingan risiko paparan asap rokok terhadap kejadian anemia ibu hamil. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol dengan perbandingan kasus: kontrol 1:2. Sampel kasus adalah ibu hamil anemia (n = 18) yang memeriksakan kehamilan di Puskesmas Mojo Surabaya tahun 2015 dan sampel kontrol adalah ibu hamil yang tidak anemia (n = 36). Pengambilan sampel kasus dan kontrol menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh risiko dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai OR pada 95% CI menggunakan Statcalc pada Epi Info. Variabel bebas adalah umur, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, penghasilan keluarga, umur kehamilan, jarak kelahiran, riwayat hamil ganda (kembar), paritas, riwayat antenatal care (ANC), LILA, keteraturan konsumsi tablet Fe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan risiko paparan asap rokok terhadap kejadian anemia ibu hamil OR = 4,09 (1,07 < OR < 16,26), mulai paparan trimester I OR = 5,43 (1,12 < OR < 34,41), jumlah perokok aktif 1-2 orang OR = 5,54 (1,20 < OR < 34,28), lama paparan ≤ 15 menit/hari OR = 6,33 (1,28 < OR < 40,53).Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah paparan asap rokok meningkatkan risiko kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Disarankan ibu hamil untuk menghindari asap rokok selama kehamilan.Kata Kunci: anemia, ibu hamil, paparan asap rokok, jumlah perokok aktif, lama paparan ABSTRACT Anemia is a state of hemoglobin levels in the RBC (Red Blood Cells) are lower than normal according to age and gender. The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy according Riskesdas 2007Riskesdas ,2010Riskesdas , and 2013 tend to increase. One of risk factor isenvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS). This research was study the comparative risk of ETS exposure of anemia in pregnant woman. This study used case control design. Research sample consisted of two groups, case and control sample with the comparative at 1:2. Sample cases were pregnant women anemia (n=18) who control in Puskesmas Mojo Surabaya on 2015while samplescontrol were pregnant woman who did not anemia (n=36), collected by simple random sampling. to determine the infl uence of risk by calculating the value on OR 95% CI with Statcalc in Epi Info. The independent variables were age, education level, employement status, family income, gestational age, gestational spacing, history of pregnant double, parity, antenatal care (ANC), LILA, Fe tablets. Results showed the risk exposure to ETS on the incidence of anemia in pregnant woma to the OR = 4. 09 (1.07 < OR < 16.26), time of beginning the exposure 1 st trimester OR = 5.43 (1.12 < OR < 34.41), the number of active smokers [1][2], exposure duration ≤ 15 minute/day OR = 6.33 (1.28 < OR < 40.53).The conclusion is the exposure to ...
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