No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Makalah ini mendiskusikan tentang karakteristik harmonik yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan tipe dari sumber tegangan. Sumber tegangan ideal adalah sinusoidal, namun dalam kondisi yang sebenarnya beban menerima sumber tegangan melalui elemen-elemen yang mengeluarkan tegangan tidak murni sinusoidal dan tegangan ini menjadi tegangan masukan ke beban. Sebagai contoh kasus adalah sumber tegangan pada titik hubung bersama (PCC) antara transformator dan beban linier dan non linier. Riset ini dilakukan mempergunakan alat Schhafner Power Quality Analyzer dan PM300 Power Quality Analyzer yang difokuskan untuk mengetahui semua karakteristik yang terkait dengan harmonik seperti daya, tegangan, arus, factor kerja (f.k), pergeseran harmonik, dan biaya rugi-rugi harmonik. Beban dalam riset ini adalah motor induksi dengan penggerak kecepatan yang bisa diatur (adjustable speed drive), beban ini dipilih karena merupakan salah satu dari beberapa alat elektronik yang menghasilkan harmonik. Sumbersumber tegangan yang dipakai pada riset ini adalah: gelombang sinusoidal, gelombang segiempat, dan gelombang yang merupakan kombinasi dari harmonik order 3, 5 dan 7 yang bisa dihasilkan dari Schhafner Power Quality Analyzer.

In this paper we analyze the internet pricing schemes based on bandwidth function diminished with increasing bandwidth utility function with 3 pricing strategies for homogeneous and heterogeneous consumer. The new proposed pricing schemes with this utility function will give the information to the internet service providers (ISP) Keywords: utility functions, the function of diminished bandwidth with increasing bandwidth, pricing schemes, consumer homogeneous, heterogeneous consumers IntroductionInternet has an important role in the economy and education around the world. The Internet is a multimedia library, because it has a lot of complete information. Complete information and quickly make consumers interested in becoming a consumer internet services. Consumers who make a lot of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) compete to provide services of the highest quality (Quality of Service) and the optimal prices for consumers [1]-[3]. In addition in maintaining the quality of service and optimal prices for consumers, Internet Service Provider (ISP) should also consider profits.The research on differentiated network in general network architecture with quality of service are due to [4]- [7] which then are improved by [8] in multi QoS networks and [9] in multi service networks. In particular, the recent research focus on wireless mesh QoS network architecture are due to [10], [11] that mainly discuss the advanced technology in communication network.There are some assumptions for utility function to be applied in the model but the researchers usually use the bandwidth function with fixed loss and delay and follow the rules that marginal utility as bandwidth function diminishing with increasing bandwidth [4][5][6][7][8]. The other reason dealing with the choices of utility function is that the utility function should be differentiable and easily to be analyzed the homogeneity and heterogeneity that impacts the choice of pricing structure for the companies. also contends that the utility function also can be assumed to be increasing function, strictly concave and continuously differentiable.In [15], the finding of internet charging is based on analytical steps and on CobbDouglass utility function. Other useful utility functions are provided, but only a few were discussed. Sometimes, it is more likely have a good advantage if dealing with finding the solution numerically rather than analytically, if involving many variables and parameters.So, we provide to search the optimal solutions numerically for three internet pricing schemes which are flat fee, usage-based, and two-part tariff for homogeneous and heterogeneous consumers based on function of bandwidth diminished with increasing bandwidth using LINGO 11.0 [16].