In an in vitro system, containing 20,000 ×g cell wall particles and 100,000 ×g cell sap supernatant of various Salmonella rough mutants the rate of galactose transfer from UDP‐[14C]‐galactose to the core lipopolysaccharide was studied and the following results obtained: Cell wall partieles from the S. minnesota mutants mR5, mR7, and mR8 are poor acceptors for galactose. The lipopolysaccharides of these mutants contain heptose and phosphate in a molar ratio of 2:2, whereas in normal lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella the ratio is 2:3. 20,000 ×g cell wall fractions from mutants which produce lipopolysaccharide of normal phosphate content, such as those from S. minnesota mRz or S. typhimurium tmM are good acceptors for galactose. Phosphate‐poor cell wall particles can be treated with ATP and enzyme extracts of mutants containing lipopolysaccharide of normal phosphate content to yield proper acceptors for galactose. A radioactive disaccharide which chromatographically behaves like melibiose, and which after treatment with α‐galactosidase yields [14C]galactose can be isolated from partial hydrolysates of cell wall particles which have previously been incubated with UDP‐[14C]galactose and enzyme extract from tmM. This result is the same whether phosphate is already present in the cell wall fraction or is introduced enzymatically by the addition of ATP to the incubation mixture. It is concluded that mR5 and mR8 are defective in a lipopolysaccharide phosphorylating enzyme and that lack of phosphate groups in the lipopolysaccharide results in an incomplete core because unphosphorylated lipopolysaccharide acts only as a poor acceptor in the galactose transfer reaction.

The FDG-PET is a very sensitive procedure for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and spondylodiscitis and for screening of inflammation foci. A further advantage is the high spatial solution. The quantification of the inflammatory activity allowed a monitoring of the therapy.

In the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum polysioprenylphosphomannosides are substrates for membrane bound mannosyltransferases; the isolated and purified isoprenyl derivatives transfer mannose to protein in vitro in presence of membrane fractions. The biosynthesis of the mannolipids as well as the biosynthesis of a glucose containing cerebroside, which becomes synthesized in an early stage of the cell development proceeds under control of the cell differentiation. The isolation procedure and the properties of the glycolipids are described, and their functions for the cellular development are discussed.

The synthesis and the properties of three cytostatic amino acid esters of 9.10-phenanthrahydroquinone are described. These substances, 9.10-Bis-glycyloxy-phenanthrene-bis-hydrobromide, 2-Nitro-9.10-bis-glycyloxy-phenanthrene-bis-hydrobromide and 2-Glycylamino-9.10-bis-glycyloxy-phen-anthrene-tris-hydrobromide are soluble in water.