Organic food purchase behavior is attracting increasing attention from researchers and managers. However, there is a need to further explore differences among groups of consumers, namely with regards to cultural dimensions. To help fill this gap, this article aims to examine the impact of collectivism on the determinants of organic food purchase intention and behavior. Building on the theory of planned behavior, this article suggests its extension by considering an additional set of explanatory variables that are shown to be relevant to explain consumer behavior. It includes a quantitative study conducted with young consumers from two European countries, Norway (n = 468) and Portugal (n = 448). Structural equation modelling allowed to conclude that collectivism positively impacts attitude, subjective norm, perceived price, and environmental concern towards organic food. The expected positive impacts of collectivism on product availability and health concerns were not supported by the study. Furthermore, the positive impact of attitude, subjective norm, perceived price, health consciousness, and environmental concerns on intention to purchase organic food were also confirmed, even though availability had an insignificant impact on intentions. Finally, and aligned with extant literature, this study also found a positive impact of intention to purchase behavior on organic food. Interestingly, the positive relationship between Collectivism and Availability, and between Availability and Purchase Intention, was only significant for Portugal. The study confirms the relevance of considering cultural dimensions, particularly collectivism/individualism, to further understand consumer behaviors toward organic food. Based on the findings, implications for both managers and researchers are highlighted.

This study aimed to test whether the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire and the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire can measure the same constructs in an equivalent manner. Advanced statistical procedures were used to examine if these scales could be interchangeably applied to the sport and the exercise context. In total, 2256 individuals (athletes = 1099; exercisers = 1157) completed translated and validated questionnaires measuring all types of motivation based on Self-Determination Theory. Several measurement models were tested, such as confirmatory factor models, exploratory structural equation models, and bifactor specifications. The exploratory structural equation modelling approach provided the best fit to the data in both groups. Multigroup analysis was performed within samples and between athletes and exercisers. Measurement model invariance was confirmed between samples from the same context; however, it did not achieve equivalence between scales. We hope this examination of context invariance analysis using specific validated scales can further help advance conceptual understanding of the measurement in sport and exercise.

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This research aims at bringing new contributions for lowering the polyether‐based polyurethane (PUR) flexible foam high deterioration rate by studying selected storage conditions. With a life expectancy of 20–50 years, many PUR objects show severe deterioration signs that, so far, cannot be prevented. To establish a preservation strategy, a natural ageing experiment in the dark (12 months, 45–55% relative humidity) has been carried out for the study of four storage conditions: open air at room temperature (T) and sealed enclosures at room T (with/without oxygen) and low T (11–13 °C). For this research, unaged (model PUR) and naturally pre‐aged (commercial PUR) references were included. The samples were analysed every 3 months by colourimetry, optical microscopy (visible and UV light), infrared and Raman microspectroscopies. Further statistical data treatment was carried out in order to identify significant spectral variations (ANOVA) and to uncover correlations between molecular spectral lines and physical aspects. Raman proved to be a powerful tool in the detection of early stage PUR molecular deterioration. For both model and commercial samples, open‐air storage proved to be the most harmful condition, while anoxic storage showed the best results. In general, this experiment has enabled new contributions for lowering PUR high deterioration rate. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.