No abstract

Les zones périurbaines de Kinshasa présentent une luxuriante végétation principalement privée mais menacée par des coupes incontrôlées. Pour sa meilleure conceptualisation et gestion, la présente étude propose une analyse des déterminantes socio-biophysiques et des représentations de la végétation présente dans les parcelles habitées dans une commune périurbaine de la ville, à travers le terme proposé d'« usage du végétal pour l'habitat (UVH) ». Conduite dans la commune de Kisenso, l'étude a consisté à relever les UVH présents dans 442 parcelles ainsi que les espèces végétales les composant et les représentations associées. La richesse moyenne des parcelles en UVH obtenue est de 3 avec un coefficient de variation de 22,2%. La zone géomorphologique de la parcelle, la province d'origine de son propriétaire et le nombre de ménages y vivant se révèlent être les principaux déterminants de la pratique de la plupart des UVH identifiés. Si les représentations associées aux UVH s'avèrent pour une grande part positive, elles intègrent cependant très peu les enjeux paysagers et environnementaux de la grande échelle. Ces résultats ouvrent un cadre de réflexion sur la meilleure prise en compte et la valorisation multifonctionnelle de la biodiversité des parcelles habitées en zone urbaine et périurbaine.

Green Spaces in the Urban and Peri-urban Area of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This study evaluates the characteristics of green spaces subject to peri-urbanization in Kinshasa. It analyzes their typology, spatial pattern, vegetation, management, state of maintenance and potential ecosystem services. The analysis is based on a random sample of 87 green spaces situated in urban and peri-urban areas of the city and is mainly based on Fisher exact tests and analysis of variance. Results show that the studied green spaces have similar characteristics along the urbanization gradient with a relatively high plant species diversity in peri-urban areas. Peri-urban areas stand out for gardens while green spaces with collective courts characterize most urban areas. As for the expected ecosystem services, they show little variation along the urban-rural gradient. Nevertheless, the dominant ecosystem services are less related to the improvement of the environmental quality of inhabited areas than to economic and or socio-cultural population needs. It seems necessary to establish a multifunctional green network through the maintenance and development of green spaces responding to the social demand and environmental challenges of the city.

Rita Occhiuto Faculté d’Architecture. Université de Liège, ULG. 1, Rue Courtois 4000 Liège (BE) Tél. +3242217900   e-mail : r.occhiuto@ulg.ac.be Keywords: public space, park system, green and water infrastructure, morphological green writings, landscape memory The rapid transformation and the trivialization of landscapes in Wallonia (BE), require reformulating tools and objectives of morphological studies. Built fabrics and landscapes show the effects of abandoning or losing interest in the interrelations between natural and human actions. This contribution focuses on studies of cities and territories that have ceased to be the object of spatial policies attentive to the relationship between the need to live, maintain or care for green or natural spaces. After the systematic reduction of urban environments to simple green covers, morphological reading allows the recognition of traces of park systems or green infrastructures, whose communities often do not remember. The research's focus has shifted from the building to the green space structure. This displacement of interest makes it possible to find commons cultures that have acted on the territory of Liège (industrial city) on the one hand, through the building’s extension and on the other hand, through the project of forests, walks, squares, parks and public gardens. Now, these fragmented places become the main resource for reorganizing natural and human systems in order to offer new - social and spatial - coherence for tomorrow. Thus the historical green systems become a strong structuring link which serves to seek new dialectics of balance between existing fabrics and green systems. This system’s regeneration stands, on the one hand, to the hybridization of materials - water, green and buildings - and, on the other hand, to the physical and mental memory of the inhabited environments that populations keep. Green systems impose themselves as powerful vectors for the construction of new socio-spatial balances of cities and territories of globalization, as in the study case for the landscape systems in Liège and for the water and landscapes infrastructure in Chaudfontaine.References Foxley, A. (2010), Distance & engagement. Walking, thinking and making landscape. Vogt landscape architects, Lars Müller Publishers Cronon,W., Coll., Uncommon ground. Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. W.W.Norton & Company New York/London McHarg, I.(1969), Design with Nature, 1th, New York Spirn, A.W. (1994), The granite garden. Urban Nature and Human Design, ed. Basic Book Ravagnati, C. (2012), L’invenzione del Territorio. L’atlante inedito di Saverio Muratori, ed. Franco Angeli, Milano

Conventional description, interpretation and design processes for public space enter into crisis in the geography of the 20th-century sprawling city denoted by enclosures. In this complex geography, often coinciding with that of drosscape, heterotopias of deviation raise thorny issues in the contemporary urban landscape. Role and shape of these now obsolete heritages must be rethought starting with the enclosure walls, a representative element of the heterotopical identity of these places.This paper explores burial landscapes, lastscapes, as a chance for urban fragments surrounding them. These places should be interpreted as hypertopias and no longer as heterotopias, rather than “other spaces” they should be considered as public spaces. With this purpose, three design strategies are proposed, using northern European case studies: a project of rooms, a project of margins, a project of layers.