No abstract

We investigate many characteristic features of revival and fractional revival phenomena via derived analytic expressions for an autocorrelation function of a one-dimensional Rydberg atom with weighting probabilities modelled by a Gaussian or a Lorentzian distribution. The fractional revival phenomenon in the ionization probabilities of a one-dimensional Rydberg atom irradiated by two short half-cycle pulses is also studied. When many states are involved in the formation of the wave packet, the revival is lower and broader than the initial wave packet and the fractional revivals overlap and disappear with time.

The previously proposed three-dimensional soliton model of a photon propagating in vacuum is modified to describe its propagation in a homogeneous linear dielectric medium. The one-soliton solution of the derived nonlinear equation correctly predicts the energy and the Abraham and Minkowski momenta of the photon in dielectrics. A new nonlinear equation is proposed, which has a one-soliton solution that at every point oscillates with the same frequency and falls exponentially in the longitudinal, as well as in the transverse direction from the centre of the soliton.

The generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation is modified in order to describe three-dimensional solitons propagating collinearly with a constant velocity. One- and two-soliton solutions are obtained and analysed. When the frequencies of the respective solitons approach, then the effect of the repulsion of the solitons is observed. These solitons are proposed to model photons.

Low-pressure capillary discharge lamps in Ar–Hg and Xe–Hg mixtures are studied. The discharge size is 0.5 mm (500 µm) in radius. According to the literature, such types of plasma sources are classified as microplasmas. The studies include spectrally resolved optical measurements, tomographic reconstructions and numerical simulations using the collisional–radiative model for an Ar–Hg plasma. We discuss the problems of theoretical modelling and experimental diagnostics of microplasma sources. It is shown that the conventional collisional–radiative model, based on the assumption that transportation of atoms in the highly excited states can be neglected, has limitations in modelling a capillary discharge in an Ar–Hg mixture. It is found that diffusion of highly excited mercury atoms to the wall influences the emission properties of the capillary discharge. We have concluded that applications of the emission tomography method to microplasmas require a special analysis in each particular case.