No abstract

Fractures in and around the hip are common presentations in the emergency department. It is commonly seen in the elderly as a result of osteoporotic changes. However, younger age groups are also affected, especially as a result of high velocity trauma. Irrespective of age, hip fractures are extremely painful, and it is difficult to position the patients for anesthesia procedures. Most of these cases are performed under subarachnoid block (SAB) or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA), which requires the patient to be in sitting or lateral position. Here, we report a series of ten cases where pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block was administered prior to positioning the patients for SAB or CSEA. This block is a recently described regional anesthesia technique that provides excellent analgesia for hip fractures. It also provides very good analgesia for patient positioning during procedures such as SAB or CSEA.

Objective: Static monitors for assessing the fluid status during major surgeries and in critically ill patients have been gradually replaced by more accurate dynamic monitors in modern-day anaesthesia practice. Pulse pressure variation (PPV) and systolic pressure variation (SPV) are the two commonly used dynamic indices for assessing fluid responsiveness. Methods: In this prospective observational study, 50 patients undergoing major surgeries were monitored for PPV and SPV: after the induction of anaesthesia and after the administration of 500 mL of isotonic crystalloid bolus. Following the fluid bolus, patients with a cardiac output increase of more than 15% were classified as responders and those with an increase of less than 15% were classified as non-responders. Results: There were no significant differences in the heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), PPV, SVV, central venous pressure (CVP) and cardiac index (CI) between responders and non-responders. Before fluid bolus, the stroke volume was significantly lower in responders (p=0.030). After fluid bolus, MAP was significantly higher in responders but there were no significant changes in HR, CVP, CI, PPV and SVV. In both responders and non-responders, PPV strongly correlated with SVV before and after fluid bolus. Conclusion: Both PPV and SVV are useful to predict cardiac response to fluid loading. In both responders and non-responders, PPV has a greater association with fluid responsiveness than SVV. Keywords: Fluid management, pulse pressure variation, systolic pressure variation, fluid responsiveness Amaç: Günümüzde anestezi pratiğinde, büyük ameliyatlarda ve ağır hastalarda sıvı durumunun değerlendirilmesi için kullanılan statik izlem yöntemlerinin yerini, daha doğru sonuçlar veren dinamik izlemler almıştır. Nabız basıncı değişimi (PPV) ve sistolik basınç deği-şimi (SPV) sıvı yanıtını değerlendirmek amacıyla yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan dinamik indekslerdir. Yöntemler: Bu prospektif gözlemsel çalışmada, major cerrahi geçire-cek 50 hastada anestezi indüksiyonundan ve 500 mL izotonik verildikten sonra PPV ve SPV monitörize edildi. Bolus sıvı uygulamasını takiben, %15'ten fazla kardiyak debisi artışı olan hastalar yanıt verenler olarak, %15'ten daha az artışı olanlar ise yanıt vermeyenler olarak sınıflandırıldılar. Bulgular: Yanıt verenler ve vermeyenler arasında kalp atım hızı (HR), ortalama arter basıncı (MAP), PPV, SVV, santral venöz basınç (CVP) ve kardiyak indeks (CI) açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. Bolus sıvı uygulaması öncesinde, atım hacmi yanıt verenlerde anlamlı derecede daha düşüktü (p=0,030). Bolus sıvı uygulaması sonrasında, MAP yanıt verenlerde anlamlı ölçüde daha yüksek bulundu, ancak HR, CVP, CI, PPV ve SVV açısın-dan anlamlı fark gözlenmedi. Bolus sıvı uygulaması öncesinde ve sonrasında, hem yanıt veren hem de yanıt vermeyen hastalarda, PPV değeri ile SVV değeri arasında güçlü bir ilişki saptandı. Sonuç: PPV ve SVV sıvı yüklenmesine verilen kardiyak yanıtı tahmin etmede yararlıdır. Hem yanıt veren hem de vermeyen hastalarda ...

Giant cerebral tuberculoma is an uncommon but serious form of tuberculosis. We report two patients who had a single, large lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Both patients underwent neurosurgery for the excision of the mass lesion as neuroimaging findings were suggestive of a brain tumor. Tuberculoma was later diagnosed on histopathological examination. We want to highlight that cerebral tuberculomas can mimic malignant brain tumors, as the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic features of cerebral tuberculomas are nonspecific.

Background Major blood loss during neurosurgery can lead to several complications, including life-threatening hemodynamic instabilities. Studies addressing these complications in patients undergoing intracranial tumor surgery are limited. Materials and Methods During the study period, 456 patients who underwent elective craniotomy for brain tumor excision were categorized into four groups on the basis of estimated intraoperative blood volume loss: Group A (<20%), Group B (20–50%), Group C (>50–100%), and Group D (more than estimated blood volume). The occurrence of various perioperative complications was correlated with these groups to identify if there was any association with the amount of intraoperative blood loss. Results The average blood volume loss was 11% ± 5.3% in Group A, 29.8% ± 7.9% in Group B, 68.3% ± 13.5% in Group C, and 129.1% ± 23.9% in Group D. Variables identified as risk factors for intraoperative bleeding were female gender (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.008), tumor size >5 cm (p < 0.001), high-grade glioma (p = 0.004), meningioma (p < 0.001), mass effect (p = 0.002), midline shift (p = 0.014), highly vascular tumors documented on preoperative imaging (p < 0.001), extended craniotomy approach (p = 0.002), intraoperative colloids use >1,000 mL (p < 0.001), intraoperative brain bulge (p = 0.03), intraoperative appearance as highly vascular tumor (p < 0.001), and duration of surgery >300 minutes (p < 0.001). Conclusions Knowledge of these predictors may help anesthesiologists anticipate major blood loss during brain tumor surgery and be prepared to mitigate these complications to improve patient outcome.