Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil is an important chemical process involving com

Dendrimers have attracted immense interest in science and technology due to their unique chemical structure that offers a myriad of opportunities for researchers. Dendritic design allows us to present peptides in a branched three-dimensional fashion that eventually leads to a globular shape, thus mimicking globular proteins. Peptide dendrimers, unlike other classes of dendrimers, have immense applications in biomedical research due to their biological origin. The diversity of potential building blocks and innumerable possibilities for design, along with the fact that the area is relatively underexplored, make peptide dendrimers sought-after candidates for various applications. This review summarizes the stepwise evolution of peptidic dendrimers along with their multifaceted applications in various fields. Further, the introduction of biomacromolecules such as proteins to a dendritic scaffold, resulting in complex macromolecules with discrete molecular weights, is an altogether new addition to the area of organic chemistry. The synthesis of highly complex and fully folded biomacromolecules on a dendritic scaffold requires expertise in synthetic organic chemistry and biology. Presently, there are only a handful of examples of protein dendrimers; we believe that these limited examples will fuel further research in this area.

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Narrow framings of development founded on GDP growth have led to multiple ecological, social and political-economic crises across the world that threaten the survival of humans and socio-ecologies. With the growing recognition that an expansionist trajectory is no longer viable, a burgeoning global discussion on degrowth has emerged. However, a limited number of living societal solutions exist in response the emergent crisis of over-consumption, deep inequality and resource depletion. The driving development philosophy of Gross National Happiness from the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan is a unique living alternative that challenges GDP metrics. With societal happiness as the primary lens for viewing human progress within planetary limits, GNH places socio-cultural, political-economic and spiritual-ecological wellbeing at the center of national development. Based on five years of research in Bhutan, the article discusses GNH as a holistic development alternative in relation to degrowth. It highlights the role of local insights, conceptual innovations, tested methodologies and policy experiences in constructing a unique society, as well as how GNH influences other nations and global debates. The article reflects on challenges that GNH faces in negotiating powerful forces of globalization, geopolitical shifts, climate change and skewed relations of power and privilege that influence scholarship, development and knowledge production. Keywords: Gross National Happiness, degrowth, holistic development, Bhutan RésuméDes cadrages étroits de développement fondés sur la croissance du PIB ont conduit à de plusieurs crises écologiques, sociales, politiques, et économiques à travers le monde qui menacent la survie des êtres humains et des socio-écologies. En reconnaissant qu'une trajectoire expansionniste ne soit plus viable, un débat mondial sur la décroissance est apparu. Cependant, un nombre limité de solutions sociales existent en réponse de la crise de surconsommation émergente, d'inégalités profondes, ainsi que de manque de ressources. La force dynamique de la philosophie de développement de l'indice du Bonheur National Brut (BNB) du Royaume Himalayen du Bhoutan est une alternative unique qui défie les métriques du PIB. En considérant le bonheur d'une société comme principal indice pour déterminer le progrès humain compris dans les limites planétaires, le BNB place le bien-être socio-culturel, politique, économique, spirituel, et écologique au centre du développement national. En se basant sur cinq ans des recherches réalisées au Bhoutan, l'article explore le BNB comme une alternative de développement holistique en ce qui concerne la décroissance. Le rôle des perspectives locales, des innovations conceptuelles, des méthodologies prouvées, et des expériences politiques dans la construction d'une société unique sont mis en évidence, ainsi que comment le BNB influence d'autres nations et des débats mondiaux. Cet article ResumenLos estrechos marcos de desarrollo basados en el crecimiento del PIB han llevado a múltip...