Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorder seen in clinical practice and solitary thyroid nodule is one of the common presentations of thyroid disease. This study aimed at profiling cases of thyroid nodule with respect to incidence of solitary nodule, age, gender, benign and malignant proportions and to set a clinically applicable approach in evaluation and management. This prospective study followed 30 cases of thyroid nodule over 2 years. It showed that almost 20 percent of all thyroid nodules were solitary with a female predilection. Peak incidence was noted in third and fourth decade. Major clinical presentation was local swelling affecting right more than left lobe. Diagnosis was with fine needle aspiration examination with the commonest histopathology being colloid goitre followed by follicular adenoma. Most common treatment done was hemithyroidectomy. Incidence of malignancy was 10 percent.

Background: A cholelithiasis or a gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of precipitated bile components. The term cholelithiasis may refer to the presence of gallstones, and choledocholithiasis refers to presence of migrated gallstones within bile ducts. Gallstones form as a result of solids settling out of solution. The major organic solutes in bile are bilirubin, bile salts, phospholipids, and cholesterol. Methods: This is prospective study of 50 patients diagnosed as having cholelithiasis and after obtaining informed written consent of patient. Patients inclusive are all the patients with diagnosis of cholelithiasis (consecutive 50 patients) admitted in tertiary care hospital. Results and Conclusions:In present study it is concluded that highest age incidence in the 4 th decade; age, female gender obesity and diabetes is the commonest cause, pian is the commonest mode of presentation, laparoscopy cholecystectomy is most common treatment of choice, while suture line infection is most common complication of cholelithiasis.