SummaryThe recent wave of creating an interconnected world through satellites has renewed interest in satellite communications. Private and government‐funded space agencies are making advancements in the creation of satellite constellations, and the introduction of 5G has brought a new focus to a fully connected world. Satellites are the proposed solutions for establishing high throughput and low latency links to remote, hard‐to‐reach areas. This has caused the injection of many satellites in Earth's orbit, which has caused many discrepancies. There is a need to establish highly adaptive and flexible satellite systems to overcome this. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have gained much popularity when it comes to communication systems. This review extensively provides insight into ML and DL's utilization in satellite communications. This review covers how satellite communication subsystems and other satellite system applications can be implemented through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the ongoing open challenges and future directions.

The world of today is full of colors and joys. To enjoy this color of nature we need the eyes. But one of the major conditions which damage the human eyes capability of seeing is blindness. Blindness effects on our education, employment and prosperity, and also participation in civil, social and political life. World's largest number of blind people is in India. Around 40 million people across the globe, who are blind, over 15 million are from India. In India, the requirement of optometrists is 40,000 but there are only 8,000. 75% cases of blindness could be avoided but for the shortage of optometrists and donated eyes for the treatment of corneal blindness.[1] In 21st century MEMS and NEMS is the most promising technology. Now a days it players very important role in the revolution of industrial and consumer products by combining silicon based microelectronics with micromachining technology. The main function of bionic eye is to restore basic visual cues for those people who are suffering from eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. In bionic eye a micro video camera fitted to the Goggle used by patient, it will capture the image and process it. After that image are sent via wireless medium to a bionic eye, which is implanted at the back of eye, it generates optic signals to stimulates optic nerves to generate points of light, it forms the basis of images in the brain. Thus a blind one can also watch that object.