We propose and demonstrate a method for lowering the cost of ghost imaging (GI) setups by employing cheaper devices, such as a commercial projector and a light-dependent resistor. Spatial light modulators and high-quality photodiodes are often used in GI, but the cost of these devices limits its implementation in undergraduate or even graduate optics laboratories. Our proposed imaging system produces good reconstructions of our test object even at 10% spectral coverage that is well within sub-Nyquist sampling. This may be used as an alternative low-cost and easy-to-build imaging system, which we can easily extend for technological applications using wavelengths outside the visible spectrum.

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We achieved three-dimensional (3D) computational ghost imaging with multiple photoresistors serving as single-pixel detectors using the semi-calibrated lighting approach. We performed imaging in the spatial frequency domain by having each photoresistor obtain the Fourier spectrum of the scene at a low spectral coverage ratio of 5%. To retrieve a depth map of a scene, we inverted, apodized, and applied semi-calibrated photometric stereo (SCPS) to the spectra. At least 93.5% accuracy was achieved for the 3D results of the apodized set of images applied with SCPS in comparison with the ground truth. Furthermore, intensity error map statistics obtained at least 97.0% accuracy for the estimated surface normals using our method. Our system does not need special calibration objects or any additional optical components to perform accurate 3D imaging, making it easily adaptable. Our method can be applied in current imaging systems where multiple detectors operating at any wavelength are used for two-dimensional (2D) imaging, such as imaging cosmological objects. Employing the idea of changing light patterns to illuminate a target scene and having stored information about these patterns, the data retrieved by one detector will give the 2D information while the multiple-detector system can be used to get a 3D profile.

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