This article reports the results of an investigation carried out in order to obtain zeolitic material of the GIS-NaP type with high cation exchange capacity using brick waste. The hydrothermal synthesis was carried out in a stainless-steel reactor using NaOH activating solutions at concentrations of 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 M, activation temperatures of 100, 120 and 140 ℃ and activation times of 7, 8 and 9 hours. The product obtained was characterized by X-ray Fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC).The results obtained showed that for the hydrothermal conversion test at 140 ℃/2 M/7 hours, GIS-NaP synthetic zeolite with a cation exchange capacity equal to 163.5 meq/100 g was obtained. The statistical analysis, applying a factorial experimental design, indicated that the main factors with a great effect on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) are the activation temperature and the interaction between it and the concentration of the activating solution, with a degree of significance of 0.049250 and 0.056631 for a confidence level of 90.82%. An empirical mathematical model was developed and validated by applying ANOVA analysis that considers the interaction effects of all factors and was optimized by applying the response surface methodology.
El presente artículo reporta los resultados de una investigación efectuada a fin de obtener material zeolítico del tipo Gis-NaP con alta capacidad de intercambiar cationes utilizando residuos de ladrillos. La síntesis hidrotermal se realizó en un reactor de acero inoxidable utilizando soluciones activantes de NaOH a concentraciones de 2.0, 2.5 y 3.0 M, temperaturas de activación de 100, 120 y 140ºC y tiempos de activación de 7, 8 y 9 horas. El producto obtenido se caracterizó mediante, Fluorescencia de rayos X, Microscópico Electrónico de barrido (SEM), Difracción de rayos X, y la capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que para la prueba de conversión hidrotermal a la condición de 140°C/2M/7horas, se obtiene zeolita sintética Gis- NaP con una capacidad de intercambio catiónico igual a 163.5 meq/100g. El análisis estadístico aplicando un diseño experimental factorial, indicó que los principales factores con gran efecto sobre la capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) son la temperatura de activación y la interacción entre ésta y la concentración de la solución activante, con un grado de significancia de 0.049250 y 0.056631 para un nivel de confianza de 90.82%. Se desarrolló un modelo matemático empírico y validado aplicando el análisis ANOVA que considera los efectos de interacción de todos los factores y que fue optimizado aplicando la metodología de superficie de respuesta.
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