Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by low bone mineral density, deterioration of bone structure and increased bone fragility most commonly seen in females of old age as a result of lack of estrogen. The mandibular cortical index, observed on panoramic radiograph, is useful for the screening of osteoporosis. The aim of the study is to study and analyze thickness of mandibular cortical bone on orthopantomography as a representative for the preliminary diagnosis of osteoporosis. The study was conducted on 100 subjects orthopantomographs which included both males and females of all ages. Patients with prior systemic diseases were not included. There were 50% males and 50% females in the age group of 21-90 with 43% in group 1 patients with all teeth, 57% in group 2 patients with few or no teeth. Group 1 had 60.5% males and 39.5% females, Group 2 had 42.1% males and 57.9% females. C1 had 43%, C2 42% and C3 15%. C1 had 52% males, 42% females, C2 had 48% males, 36% females, C3 had 30% females, 0% males. There is relevant relation between age, gender and osteoporosis. With increased age there is decreased oral health seen in both males and females of middle aged. Due to decreased levels of estrogen in females they are more likely to develop osteoporosis. Use of radio morphometric indices on OPG can predict osteoporosis. There are high chances of osteoporosis in females than males.

Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach in the treatment of periodontal diseases, which affect a large proportion of the population worldwide. By studying nanotechnology, we can gain a better understanding of how these materials can be used in daily practice. Nanotechnology involves the development of materials, devices, and systems that exhibit unique physical, chemical, and biological properties at the nanoscale level. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of oral diseases, including periodontal disease, which affects a significant portion of the global population. The use of nanotechnology in dentistry, also known as Nano dentistry, provides promising solutions for the treatment of various dental disorders, including periodontal disease. This article summarizes the current research trends in periodontal nanotechnology, including nanoscale drug delivery systems and nanomaterials for tissue engineering and regeneration. Nanoparticles offer significant advantages over conventional drug delivery systems due to their controlled release and improved bioavailability, making them a promising approach for periodontitis treatment. Furthermore, nanomaterials act as three-dimensional scaffolds, providing a favourable environment for tissue regeneration by promoting cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The potential of nanotechnology in tissue engineering is vast, and its application in bone defect repair and implant success rates has shown great potential. However, safety issues and biological risks must be addressed before routine implementation of nano dentistry in periodontal treatment. Overall, this article provides insights into the potential of nanotechnology in periodontics and its translation into a more specific approach of nano periodontology in periodontology.