Udang merupakan komoditas unggulan ekspor Indonesia yang memerlukan bahan baku yang berkualitas dan aman. Untuk mendapatkan bahan baku udang yang sesuai, seluruh anggota rantai pasok harus menerapkan persyaratan jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan sesuai Kepmen KP Nomor: 52A/KEPMEN-KP/2013. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi penerapan persyaratan jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan sepanjang rantai pasok bahan baku udang untuk unit pengolahan ikan (UPI) di Jakarta Utara. Dua UPI telah dipilih menjadi responden untuk dirunut ke hulu mengenai pemenuhan persyaratan dimaksud. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei, observasi dan wawancara kepada UPI, pengumpul/pemasok, pembudidaya dan pembenih. Analisis kesenjangan dan uji korelasi berganda digunakan untuk menilai kesesuaian penerapan persyaratan jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan masih terdapat kesenjangan penerapan yang dilakukan oleh pembudidaya dan pengumpul/pemasok dengan standar yang ada. Tingkat kesesuaian pada pembudidaya 58% (kurang sesuai) dan pemasok 48% (tidak sesuai). Apresiasi UPI terhadap mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan masih belum memadai, diduga karena permintaan di pasar global sangat tinggi sedangkan pasokannya tidak sesuai. Penerbitan sertifikat yang terpisah-pisah di antara rantai pasok diduga menjadi salah satu penyebab. Diperlukan perubahan strategi kebijakan dalam pelaksanaan sistem sertifikasi udang budidaya untuk ekspor yang terintegrasi dalam satu sertifikat.Shrimp is Indonesia's leading export commodity that requires quality and safe raw materials. To get appropriate shrimp raw materials, all members of the supply chain must apply the quality assurance and safety requirements of fishery products in accordance with Ministerial Decree KP Number: 52A/KEPMEN-KP/2013. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of quality assurance and safety requirements for fishery products along the supply chain of cultured shrimp raw material suppliers for fish processing units (UPI) in North Jakarta. Two UPIs have been selected as respondents whose suppliers were evaluated regarding the fulfillment of the specified requirements. Data collection was carried out through surveys, observations, and interviews with UPI, collectors/suppliers, farmers, and breeders. Gap analysis and multiple correlation tests were used to assess the appropriateness of the implementation of quality assurance and fishery product safety requirements. The results show that gaps existed between the implementation of the requirement by farmers and suppliers compared with existing standards. The implementation level for farmers is 58% (less according) and the supplier 48% (not according). It was observed that UPI's appreciation of the quality and safety of fishery products was inadequate, allegedly because demand in the global market is very high while the supply does not meet the demand. Issuance of separate quality and safety certificates along the supply chain are believed to be one of the causes. There is a need to change the policy strategy in implementing the shrimp culture certification system for export which can be integrated into one certificate.

Jakarta Utara merupakan salah satu kawasan industri perikanan di Indonesia yang menghasilkan udang olahan sebagai komoditas ekspor. Namun, unit pengolahan ikan (UPI) dihadapkan dengan adanya permasalahan mutu, jumlah, ketersediaan bahan baku, dan transportasi yang memiliki peranan dalam manajemen rantai pasok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pelaku usaha yang terlibat dalam rantai pasok udang budi daya pada UPI di Jakarta Utara dan biaya transportasi dalam pendistribusian udang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus–Desember 2019 di Cirebon, Indramayu, Lampung Selatan, Pesawaran, Tanggamus, Kendal, dan Rembang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskripsi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei, observasi, dan wawancara. Penentuan responden menggunakan snowball sampling. Responden awal yang terlibat adalah UPI di Jakarta Utara. Responden dalam penelitian ini meliputi dua orang dari UPI, tujuh orang pemasok, 14 orang pembudi daya, dan lima orang pembenih. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga pelaku usaha yang menyediakan bahan baku udang vaname ke UPI di Jakarta Utara, yaitu unit pembenihan, pembudi daya, dan pengumpul/supplier. Namun masih terdapat unit pembudi daya dan pengumpul yang tidak tersertifikasi. Pemberian reward dan punishment perlu dilakukan untuk menjaga konsistensi mutu udang. Dalam pendistribusiannya, persentase biaya transportasi terhadap harga jual benih udang vaname berkisar 0,08—3,33%, paling tinggi sebesar 3,33%, yaitu pengiriman dari Tanggamus menuju Indramayu/Cirebon. Persentase biaya transportasi terhadap harga jual udang vaname berkisar 0,48—1,39%, paling tinggi sebesar 1,39%, yaitu pengiriman dari Pesawaran menuju Jakarta Utara. Manajemen rantai pasok yang terintegrasi diharapkan dapat menekan biaya transportasi.Title: Supply Chain and Transportation Cost Analysis of Vaname Shrimp at Processing Plants in North JakartaNorth Jakarta is one of fishery industry areas in Indonesia that supply shrimp products as an export commodity. However, quality, quantity, availability of raw material, and transportation have been the underlined problems in the supply chain management of processing plants. This study aims to identify the involved members of the shrimp supply chain appearing in processing plants in North Jakarta as well as to calculate the transportation costs for the shrimp distribution. The research was conducted from August to December 2019 in Cirebon, Indramayu, South Lampung, Pesawaran, Tanggamus, Kendal, and Rembang. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis. Data were collected through surveys, observations, and interviews. Snowball sampling is applied to determine the respondents. The initial respondents were the processing plants in North Jakarta. The respondents included two people from the processing plants, seven suppliers, fourteen shrimp farmers, and five breeders. Result of analysis point out the three actors involved in the supply of vaname raw material to the processing plants in North Jakarta, they are breeder, shrimp farmer, and collector/supplier unit. However, there are still uncertified shrimp farmers and collectors. Thus, rewards and punishment are necessary for the consistency of shrimp quality. The percentage of transportation costs to the selling price of vaname seeds is 0.08—3.33% with the highest 3.33% arouse from the shipping from Tanggamus to Indramayu/Cirebon. While, the percentage of transportation costs to the selling price of vaname shrimp is 0.48—1.39%, with the highest 1.39%, arouse from the shipping from Pesawaran to North Jakarta. Therefore, the integrated supply chain management is expected to reduce transportation cost.