Pappiloma and Sinonasal Tumors. Sinonasal papilloma is rare, only 0.5-4% of sinonasal tumors with aetiopathogenesis has not known yet. Sinonasal carcinoma is a rare malignancy, and the most common types are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Malignant transformation of papilloma is very low, which inverted type were reported about 2-27%, with the development of papilloma into carcinoma was approximately 63 months (6 months-13 years). Prior study showed the malignant transformation in 11% of recurrences inverted papilloma, which were 7%syncronous and 3.6% metachronous SCC. The unilateral inverted papilloma with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma were usually occured in the elderly. Some factors to consider in malignant transformation of papilloma were recurrence, atypical features and HPV. Smoker, large tumor and lesion in the frontal sinus area were had a tendency to recurrence. Malignancy were associated with bone invasion, bilateral inverted papilloma, squamous cell hyperplasia, presence of three types of epithelial cells (squamous metaplasia, squamous mature and cylindrical cell), heavy hyperkeratosis, mitotic index ≥2/HPF, the absence of polyps inflammation, the number of plasma cells, low of eosinophils and neutrophils absent. Keywords: Tumors, Pappiloma, Sinonasal, TranformationAbstrak: Papiloma dan Karsinoma Sinonasal. Papilloma sinonasal jarang ditemukan yaitu hanya 0,5-4% dari tumor sinonasal dengan etiopatogenesis belum diketahui pasti. Karsinoma sinonasal merupakan keganasan yang jarang terjadi dengan jenis yang paling sering ditemukan adalah Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Transformasi keganasan pada papilloma sangat rendah, yaitu tipe inverted dilaporkan insiden sisekitar 2-27%, dengan perkembangan papilloma menjadi karsinoma sekitar 63 bulan (6 bulan-13 tahun). Dari beberapa penelitian didapatkan adanya transformasi keganasan pada 11% dari rekurensi inverted papilloma, yaitu 7% syncronous SCC dan 3,6% metachronous SCC. Pada inverted papiloma yang unilateral dengan karsinoma sel skuamous sinonasal umumnya terjadi pada usia lanjut. Beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam transformasi papilloma menjadi keganasan adalah rekurensi, gambaran atipia dan etiologi HPV. Perokok, besar tumor dan lokasi lesi di daerah sinus frontal memiliki kecenderungan untuk rekurensi berulang. Keganasan berhubungan dengan invasi ke tulang, inverted papilloma bilateral, sel skuamous hiperplasia, adanya ketiga tipe sel epitel (metaplasia skuamosa, skuamosa matur dan silindris), hyperkeratosis berat, indeks mitotik ≥ 2/HPF, tidak adanya polip peradangan, banyaknya sel plasma, rendahnya eosinofil dan absennya netrofil.

AbstrakMadu merupakan salah satu produk lebah madu yang sering digunakan sebagai obat sejak zaman dahulu. Madu memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi, namun penelitian untuk mengetahui efek protektifnya terhadap kerusakan hepar akibat etanol belum dilakukan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek protektif madu terhadap kerusakan hepar tikus yang diinduksi etanol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada November 2011 di laboratorium Farmakologi dan Patologi Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap terhadap 25 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. The Protective Effect of Honey on Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats AbstractHoney is one of the honeybee's' products which are often used as medicine since a long time ago. Honey has a high antioxidant activity, but studies to investigate its protective effect on ethanol-induced liver injury have not been carried out in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of honey on ethanol-induced rat liver injury. This study done conducted in the Pharmacology and Pathology laboratory in November 2011. This experimental laboratory study used randomized complete design on 25 rats divided into five groups. Group 1: control; group 2: ethanol; group 3, 4 and 5: honey + ethanol. Ethanol 0.01 mL/g body weight was given orally to group 2, 3, 4 and 5 for 14 days. Honey + ethanol groups were given honey at a dose of 0.0018 mL/g body weight, 0.0054 mL/g body weight, and 0.016 mL/g body weight orally at 1.5 hours prior to ethanol administration. Liver samples were taken for histopathological examination. The parameter of liver injury was fatty degeneration. The results showed that ethanol induced fatty degeneration compared to control group. Group 3, 4 and 5 showed significantly decreased fatty degeneration (p<0.050, p <0.001, p <0.001). The improvement was prominent in group 5. In conclusion, honey has a protective effect on rat liver injury. [MKB. 2013;45(1):16-22]

Mucoxin is a potential compound used as an anticancer agent. Mucoxin induced apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in T47D breast cancer cells line. This study aims to determine the effect of mucoxin on proinflammatory cytokines in breast cancer. Proinflammatorycytokines play important role in the development and metastasis of cancer cells. Breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were grouped into five groups referred to mucoxin doses assays, they are 0 ng/mL; 0,1ng/mL; 0,5 ng/mL; 1 ng/mL; 5 ng/mL with three replication of each. Mucoxin was given for 48 hours. The levels of IL 6 and TNF-α assayed using ELISA methods. The results showed mucoxin decreases IL 6 levels in all treatment doses, but was not significant. Mucoxin also decreases TNF-α levels, with a significant reduction occurring at doses of 1 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL. It is suggested that mucoxin has potent to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines that play a role in the development and metastasis of breast cancer.

AbstrakKarsinoma duktus payudara invasif (KDPI) stadium IIIB perlu penanganan multimodalitas. Kemoterapi neoadjuvan (KN) diberikan untuk menurunkan ukuran dan stadium tumor agar dapat dilakukan operasi. Regimen KN yang biasanya digunakan yaitu fluororasil, adriamisin, dan siklofosfamid (FAS). Kemoterapi FAS bekerja dengan cara merusak deoxyribonucleic acid dan menginduksi apoptosis sel kanker. Terjadinya kelainan protein atau gen yang berhubungan dengan apoptosis (p53) diduga mempengaruhi respons kemoterapi tersebut.