Problem statement: The use and reduce cooking oil is a common phenomena in our society. While some of this cooking oil is further refine most of it however and not subject to any filtration in the refining process medium such as carbon active, silica are commonly use. Approach: The used of bagasse as adsorbent is not common. This is odd especially when structural component of bagasse which is made up of carbon material is suitable as adsorbent and the fact that, adsorbent bagasse further reduce solid waste disposal and hence reducing one source of environmental pollution. Results: This study was undertaken to explore the possibility of using bagasse as adsorbent. Specifically, bagasse is being experimented to reduce the harmful content such as Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and color density in used cooking oil. The variation of adsorbent weight and contact time are used in this research as parameters to determine the effective time and the amount of adsorbent that should be used in the oil refining process. From the experiment conducted, it can be established that bagasse when use as an adsorbent can reduce FFA to 82.14% which is lower the harmful limit. Conclusion/Recommendations: This result is obtained when using 7.5 gr of bagasse for 60 m contact time. Similarly, the color of oil is reduced to 75.67% which is significant and this is base on 10 gr of bagasse with 60 m of contact time

Five sites were selected representing the studied sites of the coastal water in Kelantan, Malaysia during 1996 until May 2012. These selected sites are the popular beaches in Kelantan which are Sri Tujuh Beach (STB) located in Tumpat region, Cahaya Bulan Beach (PCB) and Sabak Beach (SB) in Kota Bharu region, Irama Beach (PI) in Bachok region and Bisikan Bayu Beach (PBB) in Pasir Putih region. In other to identify the quality of coastal water in this five popular coasts along Kelantan, study of heavy metals contamination in coastal water has been done. Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in Kelantan coastal water has doing by combine the data from Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia and the data was got from this research. There are four types of heavy metal concentration has evaluated in this research; Cadmium (Cd), Cupper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr). From this evaluation, we can see the fluctuation of concentration the four type heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr) from 1996 until May 2012. Most of the year, the concentration of heavy metal is between the range of Malaysia marine quality standard except for Lead. Lead was proven to be the highest concentration pollutant in the five beaches in certain time and also exceed the Malaysia marine standard.

Batch adsorption studies for the removal of Malachite green (MG) dye using eggshell was performed. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the effect of significant operating parameters on the uptake of the dye molecule. The aim of this study is to determine the potential of eggshell as adsorbent for MG removal and determine the optimum conditions for the adsorption process by using RSM with Central Composite Design (CCD). A 23 full factorial CCD was generated using Design Expert. The effects and interactions of different parameters were evaluated which are contact time (20-60 min), pH (4-8) and adsorbent dosage (0.5-2.0 g). A quadratic model was developed correlating the adsorption variables to the response (percentage of MG removal). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant factors on experimental design response. The predicted results obtained were found to be in good agreement (R2 = 0.9388) with the experimental results. The optimum percentage of MG removal was found to be 90.66% with the operating conditions of 40 minutes contact time, pH 6 and 1.25 g of adsorbent dosage. It was suggested that eggshell could be a potential adsorbent in removing MG from aqueous solution.

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Used coffee grounds usually end up as landfill. However, the unique structural properties of its porous surface make coffee grounds can be transformed into biochar and performed as an alternative low cost adsorbent. Malachite green (MG) is a readily water soluble dye which is used extensively in textile and aquaculture industries. The mordant complex structures of MG generate destructive effects to animals and environment. In this study, adsorption of malachite green using spent coffee ground biochar as adsorbent was investigated. The experiments were designed in two methods: classical and optimisation by response surface methodology. Three parameters were studied, which are adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH while the responses in this study are malachite green removal (%) and adsorption capacity (mg/g). Optimisation studies were performed using response surface methodology. Quadratic model was chosen for both response and studied using central composite design. The correlation coefficient, R2 for the quadratic model of malachite green removal (%) and adsorption capacity (mg/g) were 0.95 and 0.99, respectively. The optimum malachite green removal (%) predicted was found at 99.27%, by using 0.12 g of adsorbent dosage, 43.05 minutes of contact time and pH of 9.45 at desirability of 1.0. The optimum adsorption capacity (mg/g) predicted was found at 118.01 mg/g, by using 0.02 g of adsorbent dosage, 60 minutes of contact time and pH of 10.24 at desirability of 0.98. So, it was concluded that the spent coffee ground biochar can be used as an effective adsorbent for malachite green removal from aqueous solution.