Upon treatment with imatinib, most patients restore normal hematopoiesis (Hochhaus et al., 2018). The long-term efficacy and safety imatinib in CML patients in the chronic phase have been established in IRIS Study (Hehlmann et al., 2017; Hochhaus et al., 2017; Hochhaus et al., 2018). After almost 11 years of follow-up, overall survival at ten years in imatinib-treated patients was 83.3% with no notable toxic effects (Hochhaus et al., 2017). Nonetheless, about 20-30 % of CML patients failed
Plastic waste has become a globalized environmental issue. Indonesia became the second-largest producer of plastic waste after China based on a report from the World Economy Forum. Waste management and individual awareness of environmental issues are challenges for Indonesia. The more individuals who move, the more waste generation will result from these activities. University of Indonesia (UI) as an educational institution has more than 50,000 academic people/year and has diverse activities. UI produced 663,984 kg of plastic waste in 2018. UI was responsible for the production of plastic waste generated as a form of effort towards sustainable universities. Efforts to increase awareness of environmental issues by conducting socialization related to the UI Zero Plastic Program in the campus environment to leaders at UI, students, employees, canteen tenants, and during major events at UI such as UI graduation and the beginning of new student activities. Based on the socialization of the UI Zero Plastic Program that has been implemented, there has been a decrease in the generation of plastic waste from 2018 to 2019. UI Rector’s Decree regarding the UI Zero Plastic Program as a reference in the socialization and implementation of the UI Zero Plastic in the campus environment.
Background:
Imatinib mesylate is the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved
for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapy. Imatinib is an effective drug. However,
previous studies have shown that about 20-30% of patients eventually would develop resistance
to imatinib. Approximately 40% of imatinib resistance is associated with BCRABL
kinase domain mutation. One of the most common and serious variations account for
imatinib response is T315I of ABL1 gene.
Objective:
The study aimed to examine the association of T315I mutation with the ABL1
gene and its relation to major molecular response (MMR) achievement in CML patients.
This study also examined other mutations adjacent to T315I, i.e., F311I, F317L, and different
possible variations in the ABL1 gene.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study on Indonesian CML patients in chronic phase.
We analyzed 120 blood samples from patients in chronic phase who have received
imatinib mesylate (IM) for ≥12 months.
Results:
There were no T315I, F311I, and F317L mutations found in this study. However,
we found another variation, which was 36 substitutions from A to G at position 163816 of
ABL1 gene (according to NG_012034.1).
Conclusions:
We found no T315I, F311I, and F317L mutations in this study. Our findings
suggest that there might be other factors that influenced the MMR achievement in our
study patients. However, there were 36 substitutions from A to G at position 163.816 (according
to NG_012034.1) that needed further examination to explore the significance of
this mutation in clinical practice.
Civitas activities in the campus environment both from lectures and other supporting activities can produce waste. The civitas lifestyle often influences the amount of waste produced, such as inefficient use of paper and disposable packaging. Civitas awareness related to the impact of the lifestyle on the waste generated needs to be increased to support a sustainable campus. Some ways that can be done are by conducting socialization, implementing regulations, and conducting waste sorting programs. Based on the efforts that have been made, the amount of waste generated in 2019 has decreased compared to 2018. This is influenced by the sustainable campus policies implemented at Universitas Indonesia which began to be applied at the end of 2018.
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