Objective: Lepidium sativum, commonly known as chandrashoor in India, has been used in the Indian traditional medicine system for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was undertaken to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Lepidium sativum in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Thirty (30) adult male Wistar rats weighing 157±51g were randomly assigned to five groups of six rats each as Normal control, Diabetic control, Diabetics supplemented with Lepidium sativum extract, Diabetics treated with insulin, and Normal rats supplemented with Lepidium sativum. All rats were fed with a normal laboratory diet, nutrient rich pellets, and had free access to drinking water. The rats were injected with streptozotocin at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. The extracts were then given orally to different groups of rats at a dose of 20mg/kg body weight for 16 days. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture were used for the determination of Glucose, Creatinine, Alkaline Phosphatase, Cholesterol, Malondialdehyde level, % DPPH, and FRAP content. Results: Administration of lepidium extract showed a significant reduction in glucose, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Elevated cholesterol level was restored approximately to normal; a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels was also observed compared to diabetic controls. Conclusion: Lepidium sativum extract shows efficacy in the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus and its related complications.

______________________________________________________________________________Purpose: Carbofuran toxicity on rats was studied during sub-acute exposure. This work was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous black tea extract and vitamin C against a rat model of oxidative stress induced by treatment with carbofuran, an organocarbamate insecticide. Materials and methods: The levels of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid were assessed by determining the extent of oxidative stress in the erythrocytes of rats. Results:The results clearly demonstrated that the treatment of rats with sub-acute concentration of carbofuran caused significant elevation in the levels of oxidative stress and decrease in the contents of glutathione and ascorbic acid. The introduction of black tea extract and vitamin C augmented the antioxidant defense mechanism in alleviating the carbofuran induced oxidative stress. Conclusion: The findings that the pretreatment with black tea and vitamin C can mitigate carbofuran induced toxicity lend evidence that supplementation with either black tea extract and/or vitamin C have a therapeutic potential in amelioration of oxidative stress in mammalian systems.

Оксидативный стресс эритроцитов вовлекается в патогенез диабета и недостаточность антиоксидативной защиты глутаминового пути (GSH), как полагают, является одним из факторов, ответственных за развитие осложнений при диабете. Эритроцитам необходим L-цистеин для синтеза GSH, и скорость синтеза определяется только доступностью L-цистеина.Поступление L-цистеина в эритроциты определялось у здоровых и больных диабетом 2 типа. В настоящем исследовании мы представили доказательства значительного снижения поступления L-цистеина в эритроциты пациентов с диабетом 2 типа по сравнению с одновременным контролем.Уменьшенное поступление L-цистеина может быть одним из факторов, ведущим к снижению концентрации GSH, наблюдаемому при диабете 2 типа. Поскольку L-цистеин является лимитирующей кислотой в синтезе GSH, любая стратегия, направленная на увеличение поступления L-цистеина в эритроциты, может быть полезна для пациентов со 2 типом диабета Ключевые слова: эритроциты, L-цистеин, диабет.ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В многочисленных исследованиях, проведённых in vitro и in vivo, было показано, что на различные функциональные и структурные параметры эритроцитовв отрицательно влияет оксидативный стресс. Действительно, изменения жидкостности мембран и инактивация связанных с мембранами рецепторов и ферментов [1], ионных параметров [2], усиление пероксидации липидов [3], окисление глутатиона и сульфгидрильных групп белка [4,5] и активация протеолиза [6] -всё это описано в эритроцитах в условиях окислительного стресса. Было показано, что антиокислительная способность эритроцитов при диабете 2 типа коррелировала с различными диабетическими осложнениями [7]. Сообщалось, что атеросклероз и микрососудистые осложнения при диабете связаны со сниженным антиоксидативным состоянием диабетических эритроцитов [8]. Важность исследования эритроцитов при диабете поддерживается наблюдениями, что антиокислительная недостаточность и интенсивные нарушения, вызванные действием пероксидов, в эритроцитах предшествуют развитию выраженного диабетического состояния [9].Эритроциты содержат значительные количества восстановленного глутатиона (GSH), который включается в клеточный ответ на оксидативный стресс [10]. Эритроцитарный оксидативный стресс вовлекается в патогенез диабета [11] и недостаточность антиоксидантной защиты по пути GSH, надо полагать, является одним из факторов, ответственных за развитие осложнений при диабете [12]. Другие исследования, включая наши наблюдения, показывают снижение уровня GSH при диабете 2 типа [13,14], однако первичная причина снижения внутриклеточного GSH в эритроцитах при диабете 2 типа не доказана.О поступлении L-цистеина в эритроциты сообщалось [15], это поступление зависит от концентрации и от времени. Эритрициты поглощают и переносят L-цистеин, когда его концентрация в плазме растёт и выделяют его в дистальных 545 * -адресат для переписки

Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders, characterized by hyperglycemia which results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia in relation to diabetes is linked with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs. This has been reported that many patients of diabetes may also exhibit elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level. Both Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and C Reactive Protein (CRP) have been time and again shown to be directly and considerably related with each other, with indications that they share common biological pathways. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible significant correlation between raised ALP levels in type II diabetic and nondiabetic patients. In conclusion, we aimed to investigate for the extent to which ALP measurements could improve the prediction of first-onset Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) outcomes in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients. This study is aimed to assess and find the relationship between Glycated Hemoglobin and the Serum Alkaline Phosphatase, C Reactive Protein and Lipid Profile measurements in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. In the present case-control study, a total of 74 subjects (37 diagnosed cases of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and 37 healthy controls) who are aged between 30-65 years were enrolled. The Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and Lipid Profile levels were estimated in all the subjects. For all the data analyzed a P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. In this study, the mean age of TIIDM patients (50.86±11.77years) and healthy controls (40.27±11.03years) have been found. HbA1c (mg/dl) have significantly increased in Type II Diabetes Mellitus (TIIDM) patients compared to healthy control subjects (p<0.0001). Serum ALP (U/L) levels were considerably raised in TIIDM patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001). CRP (Units/L) levels were significantly raised in TIIDM patients as compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001). Serum Triglyceride (TGL) (mg/dl), Serum Cholesterol (mg/dl) levels were significantly raised in TIIDM patients as compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001), Serum High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (mg/dl) have considerably decreased in T2DM patients as compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001). Serum Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (mg/dl), Serum Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) (mg/dl) was considerably raised in TIIDM patients as compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001). The present study suggests that serum ALP and CRP concentrations are significantly raised in type II diabetes mellitus. Both are further increased in diabetic patients with complications and poor glycemic control. It is found that there is a significant positive association between serum ALP activity and CRP. Serum ALP level and CRP concentration was independently and positively correlated with TC, TGL, LDL, VLDL, HDL and HbA1c (marker of glycemic control). All these findings suggest a connection between CVD, inflammation and...

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