Objectives:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged in the last two decades with worldwide prevalence of 25.24%. Due to its increasing frequency in Pakistan, it was aimed to identify disease predisposing metabolic risks and their association with NAFLD.Methods:Anthropometric and biochemical investigations were collected from 1366 subjects with minor metabolic disturbances. Comparative analyses were performed to compute frequencies of common metabolic risk phenotypes while their associations with NAFLD were explored using regression analyses. The prevalence of NAFLD was also estimated in total, age, and gender-based population cohorts.Results:Among metabolic risk phenotypes obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia significantly associated (p<0.001) with NAFLD risk irrespective of age, gender, and BMI. Prevalence of NAFLD in total study cohort was 14.8%, 16.1% in males, 13.4% in females, 19.9% in ≥40 years and 8.7% in ≤40 years respectively.Conclusion:General Pakistani populations experiencing common metabolic disturbances are at high risk of NAFLD development, especially male gender and advanced age. Based on these parameters the stratified NAFLD population could be treated accordingly.

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Serotype B of Pasteurella multocida is a major agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS), a form of blood poisoning widespread in cattle and buffalo from Southern Asia. The vaccines currently used against the disease are not potent enough, being effective only for a limited duration only. In an attempt to identify immunogenic components of P. multocida for use as live/subunit vaccines, the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of B:2 and B:3,4 serotypes were isolated and their profiles compared. Three common immunogenic components; polypeptides of molecular weight (MW) 39.0, 33.5, 31.0 kDa, were identified by immunoblotting. The immunogenicity of identified OMPs was also confirmed using antisera generated against them. The antigenic OMPs identified in current research could be explored in the formulation of new, safe and effective vaccines for indigenous buffalo and cattle breeds with a prolonged efficacy. Keywords: Cattle, OMP, Vaccine, Haemorrhagic septicemia Pasteurella multocida B:2 ve B:3,4 Serotiplerinin Ortak İmmunojenik Protein Komponentlerinin Karşılaştırılması ÖzetPasteurella multocida B serotipi Güney Asya'daki sığır ve mandalarda yaygın olarak görülen ve kanda septisemi ile seyreden hemorajik septisemi (HS)'nin en önemli nedenidir. Hastalık için günümüzde kullanılan aşılar yeteri kadar etkili değildir ve sadece sınırlı bir sürede etkisini göstermektedir. Canlı/subunit aşılarda kullanılmak üzere Pasteurella multocida'nın immunojenik komponentlerinin belirlenmesi için yapılan çalışmamızda, B:2 ve B:3,4 serotiplerinin dış membran proteinleri (OMP) izole edilmiş ve bunların profilleri karşılaştırılmıştır. İmmunbloting sonucunda 39.0, 33.5 ve 31.0 kDa moleküler ağırlıklarında 3 adet ortak immunojenik polipeptit belirlenmiştir. İdentifiye edilen dış membran proteinlerinin immunojenitesi ayrıca bunlardan elde edilen antiserumlar ile doğrulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada identifiye edilen antijenik OMP'ler uzun süre etki gösteren yeni, güvenli ve etkin aşıların formülasyonlarının geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.