No abstract

No abstract

Our reviewed data demonstrated that Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is an important pathogen and death of pyogenic meningitis, pneumonia, and other infectious diseases in children. The distribution of serotypes of S. pneumoniae showed great diversity in several studies. The penicillin nonsusceptibility rates demonstrated an increase over time in China. The prevalence of resistance to erythromycin was very high. A total of 202 paraffinembedded lung autopsy tissues of children aged 1 month to 5 years old who died of CAP were selected at random from a hospital. Conventional PCR, southern blotting and ISPCR were used to detect S. pneumoniae in lung tissues for a mouse pneumonia model and in 202 autopsy samples from fatal childhood CAP cases, 1 month to 5 years old, between 1953-2002. Southern blotting and ISPCR detected S. pneumoniae in 107/202 (53.0%) and 106/202 (52.5%) human samples respectively. A combined total of 116/202 (57.4%) samples were found to be positive by both methods. There is evidence that S. pneumoniae was an important cause of fatal childhood CAP in China, as elsewhere. Recently a total of 171 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing invasive disease were isolated from Chinese children. The serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance were tested. The results suggested that the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has a preventive effect among children and that there should be long-term surveillance for serotype 19A. Pneumococcal disease burden in China should be undertaken in the future to provide evidence and guidance to the use of vaccine and antibiotics in S. pmeumoniae infections. Background and Aims Respiratory illnesses could be serious, even life threatening among infants with severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis could deteriorate the respiratory status of infants with severe OI increasing length of stay (LOS) and often needing paediatric high dependency unit (PHDU) or paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care. Immunoprophylaxis using Palivizumab -monoclonal antibody to RSV F protein could prevent RSV bronchiolitis for severe OI infants. We aimed to audit our local practice and national data. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of infants with severe OI in the Mid-West of Ireland from 2005 to 2010, all of whom received Palivizumab in addition to the standard care for OI with early bisphosphonates. From national computerised Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) data information on all infants in Ireland with OI admission and RSV positive bronchiolitis was tabulated. LOS and bed days use nationally were determined. Information of immunoprophylaxis for national OI cohort was obtained from the national provider of Palivizumab. Hospital audit committee approval was sought. SEVERE FORMS OF OSTEOGENESIS IMPER.FECTA (OI) IN INFANTS AND THE ROLE OF RESPIRATORY SYNCITIAL VIRUS (RSV) IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS WITHResults No infant in the Mid-West of Ireland with severe OI who have received Palivizumab developed RSV bron...

AbstractsResults OFC was performed in 52 neonates and positive inductions of symptoms were seen in 23 (44%) of the challenged neonates. The majority had mild digestive symptoms which disappeared immediately after elimination of the causal milk. According to the results of OFC, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of milk-specific IgE were 0%, 93%, and 0%, and those of the allergen-specific lymphocyte stimulation test were 61%, 76%, and 67%, respectively. Conclusions Diagnostic OFCs for CMA were safely carried out in neonates. The discontinuation of certain foods as part of an elimination diet can lead to appropriate nutrition management. In NICUs, OFC should be carried out more aggressively with careful observation. REGIONAL REVIEW OF PAEDIATRIC RADIOALLERGOSORBENT TESTS® (RAST) OVER 5 YEARS IN IRELAND: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY IN A DEFINED BIRTH COHORT

method according to CA-SFM guidelines. Beta-lactamase production was analyzed using cefinase test. MIC of beta-lactams was determined by E-test method (AB BIODISK). During the study period we have collected 486 cases of bacterial meningitis: 157 cases of S. pneumoniae (32.3%), 118 of N. meningitidis (24.3%), and 99 of H. influenzae (20.4%). Most cases (66.5%) occurred in children under 3 years. The most frequent serotype among S. pneumoniae was 14 (27.2%) followed by 23F (9%). The majority of N meningitidis strains belonged to serogroup B (72.9%) and 88.8% of H. influenzae strains to serotype b. Before Hib conjugate vaccine introduction (2000-2002), H. influenzae were the first species responsible for meningitis (40%). During vaccine generalisation (2003-2005) we noted a decrease in Hib meningitis. At the beginning of 2006, Hib vaccination was stopped and we observed an increase of Hib meningitis cases. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies show that 43.6% and 60% respectively of S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis strains had reduced susceptibility to penicillin. Among H. influenzae 47.3% was betalactamase producing. The data presented in this study demonstrate that S. pneumoniae is the most frequent in bacterial meningitis in children and that beta-lactams resistance is frequent in our hospital.