BackgroundThe bacterial elimination of the root canal system holds the key to successful endodontic treatment (1) and implementing a thorough and meticulous technique is considered as the primary determinant to achieve this aim and thus to prevent the future encroachment of bacteria. Therefore, the success rate can be as high as 94% when these measures are taken into account

Background and Objectives. The career decision-making self-efficacy (CDSE) in medical, pharmacy, and dental students is more important than other disciplines due to professional sensitivity, direct involvement in decision-making for the treatment process, and the significant clinical involvement. It is also expected that learning styles can have a significant impact on the academic success, and the CDSE also affects the quality of clinical care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the learning styles and the career decision-making self-efficacy among medicine and dentistry students. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 235 medical interns and fifth- and sixth-year dental students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The data were collected using Kolb Learning Style Inventory and Betz and Luzzo career decision-making self-efficacy questionnaire. Statistical tests such as Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Spearman correlation coefficient, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results. The mean age of participants was 25.9 ± 1.30; a majority of them were dental students (134 persons, 59.3%), and 92 were medical students (40.7%). The predominant learning styles in dental and medical students were assimilating (40.3%) and converging (47.8%), respectively. There was no significant relationship between students’ learning styles and career decision-making self-efficacy and none of its subscales ( P > 0.05 ). The Chi-square test results showed that a significant difference was observed between the field of study and learning styles of the participants ( P = 0.024 ). Conclusion. This study showed that there was no significant relationship between learning style and career decision-making self-efficacy of the participants.

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Objective: Proper apical seal plays an important role in the success of root canal treatment. The most common cause of failure of root canal therapy is known as the lack of adequate apical seal. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the apical microleakage of MTA Fillapex, , and Endofill sealers using dye penetration method. Material and Methods: In this in vitro study, 72 single-rooted extracted human teeth were selected. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 20 and two positive and negative control groups of 6. The canals were prepared by step-back technique and then filled with gutta-percha and one of the sealers mentioned. In the positive control group, the canals were filled with gutta-percha without sealer, and in the negative control group, the canals were prepared but not filled. The teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 72 hours. The teeth were then cut longitudinally and the level of dye penetration was measured under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 19 software, ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Results: The mean level of dye penetration in the Endofill test group was significantly higher than that in the  and MTA Fillapex test groups. While, the observed difference between  and MTA Fillapex groups was not statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that  and MTA Fillapex sealers did not show any significant difference in apical seal properties. However, their sealing strength was significantly greater than Endofill sealer.KeywordsAH26 sealer; Endofill; MTA Fillapex; Microleakag

Objective: To evaluate the success rates of resin-based endodontic surgery (RES) and endodontic microsurgery (EMS), and compare their results. Material and Methods: A total of 19 and 34 full-text papers were reviewed, and finally, 2 and 6 studies were selected for RES and EMS, respectively. The stages of the study selection process were illustrated in Figure 1. The demographic characteristics were also described using the IBM SPSS Software, and the meta-analysis was fulfilled via Stata V.14. Results: A total number of 811 teeth were analyzed in this systematic review and meta-analysis, with a mean follow-up of 38.63 months. Besides, the results of the meta-analysis indicated that both methods not only differed in terms of implementation but also produced varying outcomes. Accordingly, EMS demonstrated a higher success rate likelihood with a significant difference from that of RES. Conclusion: An excellent proof was made available through this meta-analysis regarding the resin-based endodontic surgery success rate likelihood (79.9%) and an update for the endodontic microsurgery success rate possibility (100%).