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The authors assessed the prevalence and demography of depressive symptoms, their association with specific chronic diseases, and their influence on health service use in a large sample of elderly men seen in a primary care setting. Twenty-four percent of respondents reported clinically significant depressive symptoms; the prevalence of major depressive disorders was estimated at 10%, but only 1% reported receiving mental health treatment by a specialist. Self-reported marital separation or divorce and physical disability affecting employment were strongly associated with high depression scores, whereas the normative stresses of aging (widowhood, retirement, social isolation) were not. Only chronic lung disease was differentially associated with high depression scores, and this effect was weak. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for the design of comprehensive health services for the elderly with chronic disease.

THOSE WHOSE RESPONSIBILITY it is to guide prospective elementary classroom teachers as they fulfill the music requirements of their college curriculum frequently face two important problems: (a) the differences in musical background among students are often so extreme that it is usually difficult to determine for a class an appropriate point at which to begin instruction, and (b) there is seldom sufficient class time allotted to cover adequately the desired content.Sometimes these difficulties are increased by a class that is too large or one which contains individual students who are well prepared in one phase of music but ignorant in other important aspects of the subject. This is a report of an experiment in programed instruction which was conducted recently at The Ohio State University in an effort to obtain information regarding the use of programed materials in the preparation of elementary education students in music. Programed instruction was defined as that teaching or learning method in which material is presented in the form of a programed book similar to that written by Holland and Skinner, The Analysis of Behavior.1

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