Reports to U.S. poison control centers of possible nicotine toxicity tripled from 2012 to 2013.1,2 Although nicotine toxicity is not a new phenomenon, the emergence of electronic cigarettes ("e-cigarettes") has spawned a market for highly concentrated liquid nicotine. This phenomenon has resulted in unprecedented access to potentially toxic doses of nicotine and other harmful compounds in the home. We report a case of a child who was poisoned by e-cigarette refill liquid ("e-liquid").

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Ovarian stimulation is an integral part of assisted reproduction treatments. Ovarian response to gonadotrophin treatment, besides other factors, determines the outcome of treatment, as the number and quality of oocytes retrieved are related to the chance of achieving a pregnancy. A number of factors have been identified that might predict ovarian response, such as age of the patient and antral follicle count. In addition, it has been shown that genetic factors such as the patient's FSH-receptor genotype also determine individual response to FSH treatment. Besides patient-related factors, the choice of drugs for ovarian stimulation plays a significant role. Until recently, biopotency of gonadotrophin preparations was tested by an in-vivo bioassay with an intrinsic variability up to 20%. Due to a superior manufacturing technique, follitropin alpha can now be filled by mass. This allows assessment of FSH with a precise SE-HPLC assay and variability of the FSH content between production lots has now been estimated at 1.6%. Results of recent studies indicate that treatment with follitropin alpha filled by mass results in consistent ovarian response, fewer treatment days and fewer cancelled cycles. This is an important step towards further minimizing drug-related variability of ovarian response to FSH treatment.

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