Concentrations of 28 elements in suspended particulate material from the Nicosia incinerator are measured, as well as size distributions of particles bearing four elements, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd. Despite the fact that this incinerator serves a highly industrialized and commercial area, the compositions and size distributions of emitted particles are very similar to those from two incinerators in the Washington, D.C., area that serve residential and commercial areas.

The Borman Expressway is a heavily traveled 16-mi segment of the Interstate 80/94 freeway through Northwestern Indiana. The Lake and Porter counties through which this expressway passes are designated as particulate matter Ͻ2.5 m (PM 2.5 ) and ozone 8-hr standard nonattainment areas. The Purdue University air quality group has been collecting PM 2.5 , carbon monoxide (CO), wind speed, wind direction, pressure, and temperature data since September 1999. In this work, regression and neural network models were developed for forecasting hourly PM 2.5 and CO concentrations. Time series of PM 2.5 and CO concentrations, traffic data, and meteorological parameters were used for developing the neural network and regression models. The models were compared using a number of statistical quality indicators. Both models had reasonable accuracy in predicting hourly PM 2.5 concentration with coefficient of determination ϳ0.80, root mean square error (RMSE) Ͻ4 g/m 3 , and index of agreement (IA) Ͼ0.90. For CO prediction, both models showed moderate forecasting performance with a coefficient of determination ϳ0.55, RMSE Ͻ0.50 ppm, and IA ϳ0.85. These models are computationally less cumbersome and require less number of predictors as compared with the deterministic models. The availability of real time PM 2.5 and CO forecasts will help highway managers to identify air pollution episodic events beforehand and to determine mitigation strategies.

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument (the Purdue instrument) and the corresponding methodologies to measure the electrostatic charge development (chargeability) of dry powders when they are in dynamic contact with stainless steel surfaces. The system used an inductive noncontact sensor located inside an aluminum Faraday cage and was optimized to measure the charging capabilities of a fixed volume of powder (0.5 cc). The chargeability of 5,5-diphenyl-hydantoin, calcium sulfate dihydrate, cimetidine, 3 grades of colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, 4 grades of microcrystalline cellulose, salicylic acid, sodium carbonate, sodium salicylate, spray-dried lactose, and sulfinpyrazone were tested at 4 linear velocities, and the particle size distribution effect was assessed for 3 different grades of colloidal silicon dioxide and 4 different grades of microcrystalline cellulose. The chargeability values exhibited a linear relationship for the range of velocities studied, with colloidal silicon dioxide exhibiting the maximum negative chargeability and with spray-dried lactose being the only compound to exhibit positive chargeability. The instrument sensitivity was improved by a factor of 2 over the first generation version, and the electrostatic charge measurements were reproducible with relative standard deviations ranging from nondetectable to 33.7% (minimum of 3 replicates). These results demonstrate the feasibility of using the Purdue instrument to measure the electrostatic charge control capabilities of pharmaceutical dry powders with a reasonable level of precision.

Livestock facilities have historically generated public concerns due to their emissions of odorous air and various chemical pollutants. Odor emission factors and identification of principal odorous chemicals are needed to better understand the problem. Applications of odor emission factors include inputs to odor setback models, while chemical emission factors may be compared with regulation thresholds as a means of demonstrating potential health impacts. A companion study of the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS) included measurements necessary for establishing odor and chemical emission factors for confined animal feeding operations. This additional investigation was conducted by the

No abstract