Fast electrical responses elicited from the transient intermediates in the bleaching of rhodopsin have been investigated in the retina of the albino rat. In the experiments we used two-flash stimuli triggered sequentially with a continuously variable time delay between them. At room temperature the potential is biphasic in wave-form. The dominant, corneal-positive component is preceded by a small, corneal-negative component. Cooling the retina to about 0 degrees C suppresses the positive component and isolates the faster, negative component. Experiments with color filters show that these two components display different spectral sensitivities and, hence, suggest that each of them is produced by a different photoproduct of bleaching.

The early warning organics detection system for the Ohio River notifies water utilities when increases in purgeable organics occur at selected sites along the Ohio River and its major tributaries; it also serves as a basis for regulatory actions against sources of unauthorized purgeable organic discharges.

No abstract

This article reports the results of an investigation on the fact that the total flow of the Ohio River has been reused from four to as many as sixteen or seventeen times when the river passes Cincinnati. The data was based on an evaluation of water use and stream flow by the U.S. Geological Survey and supplemented with inventory records from the member states of the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia). Study conclusions indicated that: water withdrawn for municipal and industrial process use in the Ohio River drainage district (upstream from the confluence of the Ohio with the Cumberland and the Tennessee) totals 1.47 bgd; cooling water service for industrial and power plant installation totals 25.875 bgd; under drought flow conditions, less than one‐sixth of the stream flow in the Ohio River consists of water previously withdrawn for municipal or industrial process use, which is treated to reduce contamination prior to its return to the river; and, total municipal and industrial withdrawals would have to increase by 500 per cent before the point would be reached at which additional withdrawals would consist of once‐used water.

No abstract