A highly efficient synthesis of Vaniprevir (MK-7009) has been accomplished in nine linear steps and 55% overall yield. The key features of this synthesis include a cost-effective synthesis of the isoindoline subunit and efficient construction of the 20-membered macrocyclic core of Vaniprevir (MK-7009) utilizing ring-closing metathesis technology. A high-performing ring-closing metathesis protocol has been achieved by simultaneous slow addition of the ruthenium catalyst (0.2 mol %) and the diene substrate at a concentration of 0.13 M.

A practical, enantioselective synthesis of cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine is described. Application of an enzymatic DKR reduction of a keto ester, which is easily accessed through a novel intramolecular N→C benzoyl migration, yields syn-1,2-amino alcohol in >99% ee and >99:1 dr. Subsequent hydrogenation of cyclic imine affords the cis-pyrrolidine in high diastereoselectivity. By integrating biotechnology into organic synthesis and isolating only three intermediates over 11 steps, the core scaffold of β3-AR agonists is synthesized in 38% overall yield.

. 2007. Efficacy of high seeding rates to increase grain yield of winter wheat and winter triticale in southern Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: 503-507. Field trials were conducted for 3 yr (2002/2003 to 2004/2005) at three locations in southern Alberta to determine the impact of seeding rate and opener type on plant stand and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack). Responses were determined for an optimum date of seeding in early to mid-September and for a late seeding in early to mid-October. Conditions were generally favourable for crop establishment, winter survival and growth, and average site yields ranged from 4.5 to 8.9 Mg ha -1 . The disc opener increased spring plant density by 12.5% compared with the hoe opener, but did not affect grain yield. Spring plant density was 23% lower for winter triticale than winter wheat and 20% lower for October-seeded cereals than September-seeded cereals. Late seeding reduced grain yields of winter wheat and winter triticale by an average of 18 and 11%, respectively. Increases in target seeding rates from 150 to 350 plants m -2 (approximately 70 to 160 kg ha -1 ) did not affect grain yield and quality of September-seeded cereals, but increased grain yield of late-seeded crops by an average of 5 kg per kg increase in seeding rate. High seeding rates did not fully compensate for yield losses caused by late seeding. . Ils ont déter-miné la réaction de la culture à la date optimale d'ensemencement, du début à la mi-septembre, et à une date plus tardive, du début à la mi-octobre. Les conditions étaient généralement favorables à l'établissement de la culture, à sa survie à l'hiver et à sa croissance, le rendement moyen variant de 4,5 à 8,9 Mg par hectare. L'usage d'un rayonneur à disques accroît la densité du peuplement au printemps de 12,5 % comparativement à l'usage d'un soc, mais le rendement grainier n'est pas touché. La densité du peuplement printanier de triticale est de 23 % inférieure à celle du blé, tandis que celle des céréales semées en octobre est de 20 % inférieure à celle des céréales semées en septembre. Des semis tardifs diminuent le rendement grainier du blé et de la triticale d'hiver d'en moyenne 18 % et 11 %, respectivement. Porter la densité des semis de 150 à 350 plants par m 2 (environ 70 à 160 kg par hectare) n'affecte pas le rendement grainier ni la qualité des céréales semées en septembre, mais accroît le rendement grainier de celles semées tardivement d'en moyenne 5 kg par kg de semences supplémentaires. Une densité de semis élevée ne compense pas entièrement les pertes de rendement attribuables aux semis tardifs. Mots clés: Triticum aestivum, × Triticosecale, densité du peuplement, rendementWinter cereals generally outyield spring cereals on the Canadian prairies because early spring growth improves water use efficiency and crop growth duration (Entz and Fowler 1991). Winter cereals may also reduce soil erosion, herbicide requirements and cost of production. However, the risk of winterkil...

A practical one-step method has been developed to prepare α-chloroketones from readily available, inexpensive phenylacetic acid derivatives. The method utilizes the unique reactivity of an intermediate Mg-enolate dianion, which displays selectivity for the carbonyl carbon of chloromethyl carbonyl electrophiles. Decarboxylation of the intermediate occurs spontaneously during the reaction quench. The utility of the reaction products has been demonstrated through the total synthesis of the natural product cimiracemate B.

One-Step Synthesis of 1-Chloro-3-arylacetone Derivatives from Arylacetic Acids. -Application of this method is demonstrated by the total synthesis of cimiracemate B (IV). -(ZACUTO*, M. J.; DUNN, R. F.; FIGUS, M.; J. Org. Chem. 79 (2014) 18, 8917-8925, http://dx.