Background-Neurophysiological evidence from primates has demonstrated the presence of mirror neurons, with visual and motor properties, that discharge both when an action is performed and during observation of the same action. A similar system for observation-execution matching may also exist in humans. We postulate that behavioral stimulation of this parietal-frontal system may play an important role in motor learning for speech and thereby aid language recovery after stroke.

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The ionization constants of aqueous solutions of nicotine have been determined by potentiometric titration at 0°, 25° and 40° by using strong and weak acids of varying normality. The primary dissociation constant at 25° has been estimated to be 1.05 × 10−6 and the secondary constant to be 2.63 × 10−11, showing that nicotine acts primarily as a monoacidic base when titrated with strong or weak acids.

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