It goes without saying that tidal power 's an environmentally clean, renewable energy source. Although tidal energy is available in abundance, there are relatively few locations in the world where the tidal range makes this form of energy economically exploitable under existing conditions. Relatively large tidal ranges had been used on a micro-scale for driving mills and pumps for many hundreds of years but such small direct drive applications became obsolete with the onset of the Industrial Revolution.Technologically, this source is well within reach to exploit. It is renewable, pollution-free, relatively inflation-free, and completely predictable. It could contribute to energy self-sufficiency and reduce the environmental problems associated with the conversion of fossil fuels to electrical energy. The obvious question is: Why has this resource not been exploited to its fullest extent? There is no easy answer. Cana-dian government energy policies pre-occupied with non-renewable sources and an apparent reluctance to undertake a project which, although technically feasible, has combined with marginal economics and high financial risks to slow progress. There are no precedents in the field of successful tidal mega-projects such as might be built in the Bay of Fundy. Moreover, there are only a few locations where the topography would produce tidal amplitudes large enough to justify installation. Tidal Characteristics and Tides as a Power Source Tides require a unique approach to the development and utilization of their energy. Along the Atlantic coasts of both Europe and America the tides rise and fall twice each 24 hours and 50 minutes, phased with the at)i)arent period of rotation of the moon. 'fhe ex-cess of 50 minutes over the solar day results in maximum and minimum water levels occurring at progressively dif-ferent times on different days, i.e. the tidal cycle moves into and out of phase 46 with man's activities. The range also varies ftom day-to-day, reaching a max-imum every two weeks when the sun and moon are in alignment creating spring tides. Eight days later, the sun and moon form a right angle with Earth and par-tially neutralize one another's grivita-tional influence to produce "neap" tides. At the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, the range is extremely large.These latter occurrences have an impor-tant bearing on the design of a tidal power plant. There are, of course excep-tions. For example at a number of r)laces the maximum water level occurs every day at the same time; at others, there is only one tidal fluctuation a day; at still others, the single maximum ma,y be replaced by two. The cardinal feature of tides is that, regardless of their local variation, they,occur in a most or(ierly, predictable fashion. Large tidal ranges in the Bay F-undy and at other locations around the world are due to a combination of two natural phenomena: the motion of the sea in-itiated by forces of the sun and inoon and the configuration of the coast line over which this motion occurs. Ocean tides outside the Gulf of Ma...
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