The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of a blend of phytogenic additive on nutritional and mineral composition of breast, thigh muscles and liver in fattening turkeys. A total 300 female turkeys were monitored in the trial. 1-day old broadbreasted white turkeys hybrid XL were randomly divided into two groups (150 pcs per each). Turkeys in control group were fed by standard diet for fattening and in experimental group from the 1st to the 12th week by complete feed mixture with supplementation of a blend of essential oils from origanum, anise and citrus fruits as well as a prebiotic rich fructooligosaccharides in dosage 1 kg per 1000 kg of feed mixture. Turkeys were housed in group on deep litter. Experiment lasted 18 weeks. Samples of breast and thigh muscles, and liver for nutritional analysis were collected during turkey's dissection (10 samples per each group). After the determination of nutrients, there were found significant (P ˂ 0.05) differences between control and experimental samples of breast muscles in content of crude protein and fat. Statistically significant (P ˂ 0.05) differences in all analyzed nutrients in thigh muscles were observed. The phytoadditive supplementation markedly (P ˂ 0.05) increased content of crude protein in breast (from 91.13 to 93.7% of DM) and thigh muscles (from 79.78 to 85.73% of DM) and ash in thigh muscle (from 4.25 to 4.61% of DM). Tendency of higher (P ˃ 0.05) content of DM and fat was recorded in liver. After analysis the macro and microelements, significant (P ˂ 0.05) differences in all minerals except potassium and manganese were found. Compare to the control group, in the experimental group were detected significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher amounts of zinc in breast, magnesium and copper in thigh muscle samples. In the 1664 case of liver, there was found higher (P ˃ 0.05) concentrate only in content of manganese in experimental group. Occurrence of manganese was not observed in both muscles. 25Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2016, 17(1), p.25-39 DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/17.1.Keywords: minerals, muscle, nutrients, phytogenic additive, turkeys Abstrakt Cieľom štúdie bolo analyzovanie vplyvu zmesi fytogenného aditíva na živinové a minerálne zloženie v prsnom svale, stehennom svale a pečeni výkrmových moriek. V pokuse bolo monitorovaných celkovo 300 jedincov samíc moriek. Morky plemena mäsový medzilíniový úžitkový kríženec morka širokoprsá biela, hybrid XL, vo veku 1 deň boli rozdelené do dvoch skupín (150 kusov v každej skupine). Morkám v kontrolnej skupine bola skrmovaná štandardná kompletná kŕmna zmes pre výkrm a v experimentálnej skupine od 1. do 12. týždňa bola skrmovaná kompletná krmná zmes s prídavkom zmesi esenciálnych olejov z oregana, anízu, citrusových plodov a prebioticky obohatená o fruktooligosacharidy v dávke 1 kg na 1000 kg kŕmnej zmesi. Morky boli ustajnené skupinovo na hlbokej podstielke. Pokus trval 18 týždňov. Vzorky prsného svalu, stehenného svalu a pečene, určené na analýzu živín, boli odobrané počas jatočnej rozrábky (10 vzoriek ...

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a phytogenic additive on blood serum indicator levels and fatty acids profile of breast, leg muscles and liver in fattening turkeys. The experiment was realized in private turkey farm and in the Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. A total of 300 clinically healthy female turkeys (broad-breasted white turkey, hybrid XL) were used in the experiment. Female turkeys were randomly divided into two groups (150 pcs per each). In the control group, turkey were fed with standard complete feed mixtures for fattening, in the experimental group, standard diets from the beginning to 12th week were supplemented with the a blend of essential oils from origanum, anise and citrus fruits as well as a prebiotic rich fructooligosaccharides in dosage 1kg per 1000 kg of feed mixture. Fattening lasted 18 weeks. Blood serum was collected at the end of the experiment, during the slaughter of birds. Samples of breast and leg muscles, and liver for fatty acids composition evaluation were collected during birds dissection (10 samples per each group). After the 12 weeks of phytoadditive supplementation, a tendency of lower activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (53.963 vs. 3.499 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (6.238 vs. 1.012 U/L) in experimental group of turkeys was found (P<0.01). The same tendency was analyzed in content of phosphorus (P<0.05). Compare to the control group, in the experimental group have been detected significantly (P<0.01) lower concentration of capric acid in leg muscle, lauric and myristic acid in both evaluated muscles, palmitoleic acid and stearic acid in the liver. Additionally, the phytoadditive supplementation markedly (P< 0.01) increased content of following SFA: lauric, myristic and palmitic acids in the liver, pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic and stearic in both evaluated muscles. In the case of unsaturated fatty acids have been detected that the phytogenic feed additive in breast and leg muscles of birds markedly increase the content of cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid (0.209 vs 0.276 and 0.242 vs 0.298 % of crude fat, respectively); compare to control group, leg muscle of individuals from experimental group have higher (P>0.01) content of cis-8,11,14-eicosadienoic and arachidonic acids. The phytoadditive supplementation significantly (P<0.01) decreased content of some unsaturated fatty acids in turkeys tissues, as well. In experimental group of turkey have been recorded lower level of elaidic and oleic acids in the breast muscle and cis-11,14-eicosadienoic and arachidonic acids in the liver, compare to birds from control group.Keywords: additives, aromatic plants, blood serum, fatty acids profile, turkey Abstrakt Cieľom práce bolo determinovanie vplyvu fytogénneho aditíva na ukazovatele krvného sera a profil mastných kyselín v prsnom, stehennom svale a pečeni výrkmových moriek. Experiment bol realizovaný na privátnej farme moriek a Katedre výživy zvierat, Fakulta agro...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pumpkin and flaxseed oils on the fatty acid profile and nutrient changes in table eggs. At 38 weeks of age, Lohmann Brown Lite hens were divided into three groups depending up the diet. The birds were housed in individual cages (6 hens per cage) with a space allowance of 943.2 cm 2 per hen, and given diet standard complete feed mixture for laying hens. Hens from experimental groups were fed with complete feed mixtures supplemented by pumpkin (group E1) or flaxseed (group E2) oils at a dosage of 3%. The experiment lasted 52 days. In the last week of the trial, the eggs were collected for chemical analysis. Twelve eggs from each dietary treatment were randomly selected and analysed. Significant differences between control and group E1 in the content of crude protein (P ˂ 0.05), between both experimental groups (E1 and E2) in the content of ash (P ˂ 0.01) in yolk, and between control and the experimental groups in the content of dry matter (P ˂ 0.05) in albumen were detected. Significant (P ˂ 0.01) differences were found in contents of myristic, palmitic, heptadecanoic, oleic, linoleic, and cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acids between control and experimental groups E1 and E2. Compared to control, higher (P ˂ 0.01) concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids, lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids and also lower contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the experimental groups were observed. The supplementation of flaxseed oil had a positive effect on the content of n-3 α-linolenic acid. Albumen, laying hens, nutrients, plant fats, yolk

-93 - Acta fytotechn. zootechn., 17, 2014( IntroductionPhytogenic feed additives are used in animal nutrition and feeding for their beneficial effects such as higher performance, reproduction and health status (Capcarová and Kolesárová, 2010). Phytogenics are feed additives, plant-derived products used in animal feeding to improve the performance of livestock. Most studies investigate blends of various active compounds and report the effects on production performance rather than the physiological effects (Windisch et al., 2008). The last two decades have seen a substantial increase in the use of aromatic herbs and essential oils as feed additives in animal nutrition (Franz et al., 2010). Positive effect of phytoadditives are determine by application dosage and additive composition (Gálik et al., 2013), they are usable in animal nutrition for better feed conversion ratio and nutrient utilization (Kroismayr et al., 2007 andLi et al., 2007). In laying hens nutrition, feed additives can improve their production and also nutrient composition of eggs, mainly yolk nutrients content. The aim of the study was to analyse the dietary effect of Rhus coriaria L. seeds as a phytogenic additive on yolk nutrient composition in Hy-Line Brown laying hens nutrition. Material and MethodsThe experiment was realised in cooperation with the Department of Poultry Science and Small Animal Husbandry. Trial lasted 21 weeks. Hy-Line Brown laying hens were used for the trial. At 20 week of age, total 20 hens were randomly divided to two group, control group (C) and experimental group (E), in each group 10 hens. Hens in both groups were fed by standard feed mixture contained 39. Results and DiscussionThere are many papers, which focused on different feed additives for poultry as an alternative for antibiotic growth promoters (Cross et al., 2007;Gálik et al., 2013). Plant extracts, or their ethereal oils are typical for many desirable effects, such as inhibition of pathogen microorganism and stimulation of same desirable physiological processes (Gali-Muhtasib et al., 2006;Yazan et al., 2009). In our experiment we analyzed the effect of a phytogenic additive Rhus coriaria L. on yolk nutrient composition during 21 weeks. During the trial, the eggs were analysed three times, every 7 weeks after the experiment start. Results are show in Table 2. We found insignificant (P >0.05) differences in dry matter content in egg´s yolks. In crude protein of egg´s yolk in 1 st and 2 nd collection we found a tendency (P >0.05) of higher content in eggs of hens fed with Rhus coriaria L. supplementation in feed mixture. Significant differences (P <0.05) were found in yolk crude fat content. After phytogenic additive (seeds of Rhus coriaria L.) we found significantly lower crude fat content in all collection, mainly in second eggs collection (628.43 g kg -1 of dry matter in control group vs. 590.37 g kg -1 of dry matter in experimental group). Our results correspond with results published by Arpášová et al. (2010). Authors reported that major effect of a phyto...

IntroductionPhytogenics are a relatively young class of feed additives and in recent years this feed additives have gained considerable attention in the feed industry. They are a wide variety of herbs, spices and their derived products and are mainly essential oils (Hashemi et al., 2010). Vegetable oils, also called essential or essential oils are aromatic, oily liquids obtained from plant material (flowers, buds, seeds, leaves, twigs, bark, herbs, wood, fruits and roots). It is a complex mixtures of different organic molecules -terpenes, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones and phenols. In animals, in particular, promote the secretion of gastric juices, while operating on gut motility and improve the integrity of the intestinal lining. Some phytogenic extracts stimulate the olfactory receptors and taste buds, resulting in an increase in feed intake, increased production of endogenous enzymes and digestive juices, thereby improving nutrient digestibility of feed (Panda et al., 2009); they can affect reproductive parameters (Mangiagalli et al., 2010). Flax seed contains about 40 % oil, which can be used as part of feed mixture for poultry. Some varieties of flax are rich in linolenic acid, while the other in linoleic acid (Zelenka et al., 2008). In the flaxseed oil is only α-linolenic in bulk, which is a precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (Kralik et al., 2008). Seed contains 8-10 % water, 18-20 % protein, 22 % nitrogen free substances extracted, 9 % fiber and especially drying oils consist of triglycerides of three saturated acids -t palmitic (6.5 %), stearic (2.5 %), oil (22 %) and unsaturated acids -linoleic (15 % or 60 %) and alpha linolenic acid (up to 3 % or 54 %) (Prugar, 2008). Pumpkin seeds contain many valuable functional components and have been traditionally used for herbal, therapeutic as well as clinical applications. Seeds have been used as safe deworming and diuretic agents, and the seed oil as a nerve tonic (Younis et al., 2000). Pumpkin oil has strong antioxidant properties (Stevenson et al., 2007). Pumpkin seeds contain L-tryptophan, omega-6 and -3 fatty acids a very high concentration of vitamin E (Hashemi, 2013). Pumpkin seeds contain zinc and pumpkin peanuts to 54 % oil digestibility coefficient of 98.2 % (Kóňa et al., 2007). The objective of present work was to determine the effect of the two different diets on laying performance. Material and methodsExperiment was realized in cooperation with the Department of Poultry Science and Small Husbandry. At 38 weeks of age, Lohmann Brown Lite hens were housed in three-floor cages (943,2 cm2 per hen), divided into three diets of groups (C-control, E1-pumpkin oil (3 %), E2-flaxseed oil (3 %)). There were housed six hens in one Original PaperThe aim of the study was to analyze the dietary effect of pumpkin and flaxseed oils on performance parameters of laying hens. Lohmann Brown Lite hens were randomly divided to three groups. Total 18 hens (6 per group) were monitored. Hens in control group (C) were fed by standard diet. Fir...