The purpose of this paper is to propose foundations for a theory of situation awareness based on the analysis of interactions between agents (i.e., both human and nonhuman) in subsystems. This approach may help promote a better understanding of technology-mediated interaction in systems, as well as helping in the formulation of hypotheses and predictions concerning distributed situation awareness. It is proposed that agents within a system each hold their own situation awareness which may be very different from (although compatible with) other agents. It is argued that we should not always hope for, or indeed want, sharing of this awareness, as different system agents have different purposes. This view marks situation awareness as a 1

(2001) have argued that attention is crucial for auditory streaming. The authors review R. P. Carlyon et al.'s (2001) arguments and suggest that a pertinent literature, the irrelevant sound paradigm-demonstrating preattentive auditory streaming-has been overlooked. In illustration of this alternative approach, the authors include a novel single experiment demonstrating the impact of preattentive auditory streaming on short-term serial memory. It is concluded that R. P. Carlyon et al.'s (2001) results do not definitively demonstrate that auditory streaming processes are dependent on attention; indeed, they are compatible with alternative accounts of the relationship between perceptual organization and attention.

There is increasing interest in the use of social network analysis as a tool to study the performance of teams and organisations. In this paper processes of command and control in the emergency services are explored from the perspective of social network theory. We report network analyses based on the observation of six emergency service incidents comprising of three Fire service operations involving the treatment of hazardous chemicals and three Police operations involving immediate response to emergency calls.Finally, the findings are discussed in terms of our attempts to categorise the networks in terms of their structure and the relationship between those structures and the qualities those networks display in the context of the incidents reported. We suggest that social network analysis may have a valuable part to play in the general study of command and control.

Self-control resources can be defined in terms of ''energy.'' Repeated attempts to override desires and impulses can result in a state of reduced self-control energy termed ''ego depletion'' leading to a reduced capacity to regulate future self-control behaviors effectively. Regular practice or ''training'' on self-control tasks may improve an individual's capacity to overcome ego depletion effectively. The current research tested the effectiveness of training using a novel Internet-based smartphone application to improve self-control and reduce ego depletion. In two experiments, participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, which received a daily program of self-control training using a modified Stroop-task Internet-based application delivered via smartphone to participants over a 4-week period, or a no-training control group. Participants assigned to the experimental group performed significantly better on post-training laboratory self-control tasks relative to participants in the control group. Findings support the hypothesized training effect on self-control and highlight the effectiveness of a novel Internet-based application delivered by smartphone as a practical means to administer and monitor a self-control training program. The smartphone training application has considerable advantages over other means to train self-control adopted in previous studies in that it has increased ecological validity and enables effective monitoring of compliance with the training program.

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