The differential effects of five forms of therapylike intervention (Um-Hmm, Echoic, Paraphrasic, combined Um-Hmm-Echoic, and combined Um-Hmm-Paraphrasic) in the conditioning and transfer of affective self-references (ASRs) were tested in a 40-minute role-played initial counseling interview. The 5s were 72 female student volunteers. Conditioning of ASRs and transfer to a TAT story telling task were found, although hypothesized relationships between discriminative cue potency of the interventions and performance were only partially supported. An explanation involving the presumed interaction of S awareness of her own self-disclosures with intervention type, degree of threat, and conditioning performance was proposed.a This paper is based on a doctoral dissertation submitted to the Department of Psychology at the University of Cincinnati under the direction of Leonard D. Goodstein, whose help is gratefully acknowledged.'Requests for reprints should be sent to Robert

The authors cite clinical literature attesting to the importance of recognizing the family, rather than the individual, as the proper locus of conceptualizing, diagnosing, and treating mental illnesses. Specifically with regard to severe psychiatric illnesses, in particular schizophrenia, family dysfunction contributes to the emergence of the illness, significantly affects its course, and strongly influences the achievement and maintenance of treatment gains. Currently, a movement is afoot to limit sharply the amount and kind of treatment offered to schizophrenic patients and their families. Rooted in a "medical model" or "biogenic" view of the etiology of schizophrenia, this school of thought prescribes psychoeducation as the family treatment of choice. The present article looks at some misconceptions regarding treatment that prompted a widespread turning away from psychoanalytically oriented family psychotherapy for schizophrenic patients and their families, examines the reductionism (biological and behavioral) inhering in the exclusive use of psychoeducation, and looks at the clinical dangers of such reductionism. Finally, it proposes that family psychotherapists should not abandon a concern with the inner lives of severely ill patients and their families in the face of spuriously generalized claims made by reductionist researchers.

The authors present a clinical description of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among a unique population of patients with religious compulsions. Analysis of 2 cases demonstrates that OCD represents a psychopathological spectrum, varying along a continuum of insight and resistance. Associated clinical features together with diagnostic and treatment implications are considered.

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This study investigated the initial reactions of 20 A and 20 B Ss to "encounter situations" in which they were asked for help by four hypothetical patients communicating in normal, neurotic, schizophrenic, or ambiguous styles. For each patient communication, 5s responded to the following questions: (a) "What might he mean?" ( 6) "What might he be feeling?" (c) "How would you feel in this situation?" (