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In this study we publish a novel attempt to macroporous, polymeric cryogels (MPCs) by electron-beam (EB) initiated free radical crosslinking polymerization of (meth)acrylates in frozen aqueous media. The EBprocess is an environmentally benign fast process (radiation and reaction time about 10-20 min) which allows the initiator-free polymerization of double-bond containing monomers. The MPCs were thoroughly characterized by swelling experiments, SEM, detailed XPS studies, DMA, Hg intrusion porosity and ESEM. The processes during the reaction were studied using ESR experiments. The influences of the reaction parameters like dose, radiation time, freezing conditions, chemical composition and (meth)acrylate concentration on the properties of the MPCs were investigated. The MPCs were synthesized in situ in capillaries or in tubes up to a diameter of 25 mm. The porous structure of the MPCs is mainly controlled by the freezing temperature and the macromonomer/crosslinker concentration and consists of large interconnected pores in the range of 10-70 mm. The crosslinker concentration directly affects the stiffness and the T g of the materials. The MPCs were successfully modified with poly(allylamine hydrochloride). This straightforward method provides a toolbox for the synthesis of manifold MPCs from various unsaturated substances in large quantities and scale.

The room temperature Mössbauer spectra of 57 Fe were measured for iron-based solid solutions Fe 1−x Co x and Fe 1−x Ni x with x in the range 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.05. The obtained data were analysed in terms of the binding energy E b between two Co or Ni atoms in the studied materials using the extended Hrynkiewicz-Królas idea. It was found that the energy is positive or the non-iron atoms interact repulsively. The extrapolated value of E b for x = 0 was used for computation of the enthalpy of solution of cobalt and nickel in iron. The results were compared with our previous Mössbauer spectroscopy findings, the values resulting from the Miedema's model of alloys and the data derived from the enthalpy of formation of the Fe-Co and Fe-Ni systems, obtained with calorimetric methods. The comparison shows that the present results are in a qualitative agreement with the Miedema's model predictions and calorimetric measurements but they are at variance with the previous Mössbauer spectroscopy findings.