Abstract.A review of transport and economic development in Poland and the UK, from 1960 for UK, and Poland from 1989 to the present. The paper traces the main theoretical phases and research, considering how these affected policy and practice. The development of the New Economic Geography and its effect on practice is traced, with the application of CGE models in Poland and hybrid approaches in the UK. The findings are similar: improved accessibility may be a necessary condition for helping depressed regions, but it is no guarantee, and policy makers must ensure that the conditions exist for a region to benefit from transport investment. Poland is a latecomer to research in this field, and the paper concludes that the results of research from elsewhere such as UK may not necessarily be applicable, and more home grown research is needed.
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