Program. The authors wish to thank Mr. Andreas Papanicolaou and Mr. Michael H. Wilson for their help with the experiments.

No abstract

Large‐scale, multispecies monitoring programs are widely used to assess changes in wildlife populations but they often assume constant detectability when documenting species occurrence. This assumption is rarely met in practice because animal populations vary across time and space. As a result, detectability of a species can be influenced by a number of physical, biological, or anthropogenic factors (e.g., weather, seasonality, topography, biological rhythms, sampling methods). To evaluate some of these influences, we estimated site occupancy rates using species‐specific detection probabilities for meso‐ and large terrestrial mammal species on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. We used model selection to assess the influence of different sampling methods and major environmental factors on our ability to detect individual species. Remote cameras detected the most species (9), followed by cubby boxes (7) and hair traps (4) over a 13‐month period. Estimated site occupancy rates were similar among sampling methods for most species when detection probabilities exceeded 0.15, but we question estimates obtained from methods with detection probabilities between 0.05 and 0.15, and we consider methods with lower probabilities unacceptable for occupancy estimation and inference. Estimated detection probabilities can be used to accommodate variation in sampling methods, which allows for comparison of monitoring programs using different protocols. Vegetation and seasonality produced species‐specific differences in detectability and occupancy, but differences were not consistent within or among species, which suggests that our results should be considered in the context of local habitat features and life history traits for the target species. We believe that site occupancy is a useful state variable and suggest that monitoring programs for mammals using occupancy data consider detectability prior to making inferences about species distributions or population change.

No abstract

High faradaic effieiencies and current densities for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to both CH4 and C2H4 are reported at in situ deposited copper on glassy carbon electrodes in aqueous 0.5M KHCO3. At 8.3 mA/cm 2 the cumulative yield for CH4 and C2H4 can be essentially faradaic. At 25 mA/cm 2 the overall efficiency for these two products was 79%. The proposed CO2 reduction mechanism does not appear to involve the direct electrochemical reduction of CO2, but proceeds through the reaction of weakly adsorbed CQ with electrochemically generated chemisorbed hydrogen at the copper surface. Subsequent reduction of this reduced species probably leads to bridged CO groups which can be desorbed to give either carbon monoxide or reduced further to give CH4 and C2H4. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 128.123.35.41 Downloaded on 2014-09-12 to IP Vol. 135, No. 6