Although social class, religion, gender, ethnicity and age are often treated as independent variables (e.g., factors, forces, structures) and invoked as causal explanations for various outcomes, this paper approaches these constructs in more distinctive, humanly-engaged terms. Rather than representing forces that almost mysteriously impose themselves on people, these constructs are to be understood more fundamentally as the products and processes of human group life. We are not denying the linkages of social categories with other aspects of community life but contend that these correlates represent comparatively superficial reflections of the much broader underlying sets of processes that characterize social life. Indeed, we argue that it is these sets of humanly engaged social processes rather than correlational research that constitute the more authentic subject matter of the social sciences.In his engaging text, The Faultline of Consciousness, Maines (2001) makes the claim that interactionist thought has, in various ways and guises, entered into and been absorbed by mainstream sociology. He writes:The old dichotomies that once organized sociological discourse, and especially how sociologists framed their characterizations of sociology, are happily eroding.... Across the board, greater emphasis is placed on agency, on groups actively dealing with situations that confront them, on the limitations of totalizing theories, on historical processes, on the processual character of structures, and on the significance of meaning in sociological description and explanation (Maines 2001, 25).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.