Tabulations are presented of the atomic form factor, F(x,Z), and the incoherent scattering function, S(x,Z), for values of x (=sin (IJ/2)/X,) from 0.005 A-I to 10 9 A-1, for all elements Z=l to 100. These tables are constructed from available state-of-the-art theoretical data, including the Pirenne formulas for Z = 1, configuration-interaction results by Brown using Brown-Fontana and Weiss correlated wavefunctions for Z=2 to 6, non-relativistic Hartree-Fock results by Cromer for Z=7 to 100, and a relativistic K-shell analytic expression for F(x,Z) by Bethe and Levinger for x> 10 A-I for all elements Z =2 to 100. These tabulated values are graphically compared with available photon scattering angular distribution measurements. Tables of coherent (Rayleigh) and incoherent (Compton) total scattering cross sections, obtained by numerical integration over combinations of F2(X.z) with the Thomson formula and S (x,Z) with the Klein-Nishina formula, respectively, are presented for all elements Z= I to 100, for photon energies 100 eV (1..=124 A)lto 100 MeV (0.000124 A). The incoherent scattering cross sections also include the radiative and double-Compton corrections as given by Mork. Similar tables are presented for the special cases of terminally-bonded hydrogen and for the H2 molecule, interpolated and extrapolated from values calculated by Stewart et al. and by Bentley and Stewart using Kolos-Roothaan wavefunctions.

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3 groups of 30 rats were trained in a simple runway. During acquisition Group N was exposed to nonreinforcement on a 50% reward schedule, Group P was exposed to gradually increasing punishment along with consistent food reward, while Group C was never punished or nonreinforced. Half of each group was then tested for the decremental effects of either consistent nonreinforcement or consistent strong punishment. Group P and N Ss were more resistant than Group C Ss not only to the decremental variable with which they had been trained, i.e., punishment or nonreinforcement, respectively, but also to the alternate test variable. The results were interpreted in support of a commonality between the emotional consequences of punishment and nonreinforcement.

Patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension can have deficits in sympathetic neural function at any of several levels of the sympathetic neuraxis. We determined whether patterns of plasma levels of dopa, norepinephrine, dihydroxyphenylglycol, and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid would distinguish patients with orthostatic hypotension associated with multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, or deficiency of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Plasma levels of catechols were normal in most patients with multiple system atrophy, consistent with relatively intact peripheral sympathetic neurons; in contrast, most patients with pure autonomic failure had decreased levels of all four catechols, consistent with degenerative loss of sympathetic nerve endings. Patients with deficiency of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase had increased levels of dopa and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and markedly decreased levels of norepinephrine and dihydroxyphenylglycol, suggesting compensatory increases in sympathetic nerve activity in the absence of norepinephrine biosynthesis. Subgroups of patients with pure autonomic failure or multiple system atrophy had low levels of norepinephrine with normal levels of dopa, dihydroxyphenylglycol, and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, consistent with normal catecholamine biosynthesis and decreased postganglionic sympathetic nerve traffic or decreased exocytotic release from sympathetic nerve endings. The results demonstrate the value of examining patterns of plasma levels of catechols to elucidate mechanisms of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.