No abstract

No abstract

IntroductionWe aim to present transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy (template biopsy) outcomes at a tertiary referral centre. Furthermore, to identify the detection rate of prostate cancer in those with a previous negative transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy and the upgrade rate of those on active surveillance for Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 prostate adenocarcinoma.Material and methodsWe conducted a prospective study of 200 consecutive men who underwent template biopsy over a 22-month period in a tertiary referral centre, using a standard 24 region template prostate biopsy technique. Indications and histology results, as well as complications, were recorded.ResultsMedian age was 67 years and median PSA was 10 ng/mL. Overall detection rate was 47%. 39.5% of cases with previous negative transrectal biopsies were found to have prostate adenocarcinoma. 47.5% of cases on active surveillance for Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 prostate adenocarcinoma were upgraded. The most frequent complication was acute urinary retention at a rate of 12.5%, however, the use of a single prophylactic dose of tamsulosin was found to be beneficial, with 13 cases needed to treat to prevent one episode.ConclusionsTemplate biopsies are safe and efficacious with an overall detection rate of 47% in the present series. Due to the high detection rate, one must consider template biopsy following one negative transrectal biopsy where there is persistent clinical suspicion. Furthermore, those considering active surveillance for Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 disease should be offered template biopsy to confirm the grade of their disease.

The proof of an aircraft's structural integrity and safety is typically provided by analysis and supported by structural test evidence. The experimental test of a wingbox, which is the main structural component of a wing, can provide useful data on assessment of its structural performance in an actual airplane for the design objectives. To this end, a testing fixture was designed and manufactured to introduce a prescribed shear force and bending moment at one end of a variable stiffness thermoplastic composite wingbox and react the load at the other end. We report experimental results and compare them with detailed finite element data.

No abstract